Abstract: An embodiment includes a method of self-election of a node in a subnet. The method includes receiving a first ping message. The first ping message is unicast from a second node, includes direct information related to the second node, and includes indirect information related to a third node. The method includes updating a first status of the second node in a status list stored at the first node consistent with the direct information. The method includes determining whether statuses of a threshold number of nodes have been received. Responsive to the threshold number of nodes being received, the method includes performing a local election operation. The method includes propagating a second ping message to a randomly identified additional node. The second ping message includes direct information regarding the first node and indirect information regarding at least one other node.

Abstract: A method for online authentication includes receiving membership authenticating information specific to members of a particular affiliation from the members and from one or more remote databases. The information is aggregated and stored in an aggregate database. An individual is authenticated, via a widget at least one of integrated into, and accessible by, at least one of a mobile application and a website of a provider of at least one of a particular program and a particular service, as a member of the particular affiliation based on a comparison of authenticating indicia provided online by the individual and the information stored in at least one of the aggregate database and the remote databases. Digital credentials are provided to the individual for access to the at least one of the particular program and the particular service when the individual is authenticated. The credentials include a unique identifier, a login and password.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a method of self-election of a node in a subnet. The method includes receiving a first ping message. The first ping message is unicast from a second node, includes direct information related to the second node, and includes indirect information related to a third node. The method includes updating a first status of the second node in a status list stored at the first node consistent with the direct information. The method includes determining whether statuses of a threshold number of nodes have been received. Responsive to the threshold number of nodes being received, the method includes performing a local election operation. The method includes propagating a second ping message to a randomly identified additional node. The second ping message includes direct information regarding the first node and indirect information regarding at least one other node.

Abstract: A working end of a catheter includes at least one therapeutic element, such as a resistive heating element, usable to deliver energy for ligating, or reducing the diameter of, a hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, the catheter includes a lumen to accommodate a guide wire or to allow fluid delivery. In certain embodiments, a balloon is inflated to place resistive element(s) into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure and to occlude the structure. Indexing devices and methods are also disclosed for successively treating portions of the hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, marks along the catheter shaft provide visual verification to the physician of the relative position of the therapeutic element of the catheter. Embodiments of indexing devices may include pairs of rings and/or hinged arms that move a catheter a desired indexed position between successive treatments.

Abstract: A working end of a catheter includes at least one therapeutic element, such as a resistive heating element, usable to deliver energy for ligating, or reducing the diameter of, a hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, the catheter includes a lumen to accommodate a guide wire or to allow fluid delivery. In certain embodiments, a balloon is inflated to place resistive element(s) into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure and to occlude the structure. Indexing devices and methods are also disclosed for successively treating portions of the hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, marks along the catheter shaft provide visual verification to the physician of the relative position of the therapeutic element of the catheter. Embodiments of indexing devices may include pairs of rings and/or hinged arms that move a catheter a desired indexed position between successive treatments.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a method of self-election of a node in a subnet. The method includes receiving a first ping message. The first ping message is unicast from a second node, includes direct information related to the second node, and includes indirect information related to a third node. The method includes updating a first status of the second node in a status list stored at the first node consistent with the direct information. The method includes determining whether statuses of a threshold number of nodes have been received. Responsive to the threshold number of nodes being received, the method includes performing a local election operation. The method includes propagating a second ping message to a randomly identified additional node. The second ping message includes direct information regarding the first node and indirect information regarding at least one other node.

Abstract: A polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm generates valid polygons despite polygon data containing self-intersecting polygons, overlapping polygons, polygons including a chain of holes, and/or polygons including complex intersections. A polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm uses two variants of the Vatti algorithm along with a topology correction algorithm to address problematic areas within input data, such as the overlapping area shared between one or more polygons or a polygon having no area at all. Upon performing a variant of the Vatti algorithm to identify hot pixels within an arrangement of polygons, the polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm runs a second variant of the Vatti algorithm to generate polygons within an integer coordinate system using snap-rounding.

Abstract: A vector tile generator receives map features from a database of raw map data. Each map feature includes geometry data and property data. The vector tile generator stores the property data in a property store. The vector tile generator generates, based on the geometry data, a set of zoom data organized into a plurality of zoom levels. Each zoom level includes at least some of the map features. The vector tile generator maps the map features of the set of zoom data to a plurality of tiles that includes a set of tiles for each of the zoom levels. For each tile, the vector tile generator clips map features mapped to the tile based on a boundary of the tile, encodes the clipped map features to a vector format, and merges the encoded clipped map features with the stored property data corresponding to the map features in the tile.

Abstract: A polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm generates valid polygons despite polygon data containing self-intersecting polygons, overlapping polygons, polygons including a chain of holes, and/or polygons including complex intersections. A polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm uses two variants of the Vatti algorithm along with a topology correction algorithm to address problematic areas within input data, such as the overlapping area shared between one or more polygons or a polygon having no area at all. Upon performing a variant of the Vatti algorithm to identify hot pixels within an arrangement of polygons, the polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm runs a second variant of the Vatti algorithm to generate polygons within an integer coordinate system using snap-rounding.

Abstract: A polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm generates valid polygons despite polygon data containing self-intersecting polygons, overlapping polygons, polygons including a chain of holes, and/or polygons including complex intersections. A polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm uses two variants of the Vatti algorithm along with a topology correction algorithm to address problematic areas within input data, such as the overlapping area shared between one or more polygons or a polygon having no area at all. Upon performing a variant of the Vatti algorithm to identify hot pixels within an arrangement of polygons, the polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm runs a second variant of the Vatti algorithm to generate polygons within an integer coordinate system using snap-rounding.

Abstract: A vector tile generator receives map features from a database of raw map data. Each map feature includes geometry data and property data. The vector tile generator stores the property data in a property store. The vector tile generator generates, based on the geometry data, a set of zoom data organized into a plurality of zoom levels. Each zoom level includes at least some of the map features. The vector tile generator maps the map features of the set of zoom data to a plurality of tiles that includes a set of tiles for each of the zoom levels. For each tile, the vector tile generator clips map features mapped to the tile based on a boundary of the tile, encodes the clipped map features to a vector format, and merges the encoded clipped map features with the stored property data corresponding to the map features in the tile.

Abstract: A polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm generates valid polygons despite polygon data containing self-intersecting polygons, overlapping polygons, polygons including a chain of holes, and/or polygons including complex intersections. A polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm uses two variants of the Vatti algorithm along with a topology correction algorithm to address problematic areas within input data, such as the overlapping area shared between one or more polygons or a polygon having no area at all. Upon performing a variant of the Vatti algorithm to identify hot pixels within an arrangement of polygons, the polygon Boolean operation and topology correction algorithm runs a second variant of the Vatti algorithm to generate polygons within an integer coordinate system using snap-rounding.

Abstract: A working end of a catheter includes at least one therapeutic element, such as a resistive heating element, usable to deliver energy for ligating, or reducing the diameter of, a hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, the catheter includes a lumen to accommodate a guide wire or to allow fluid delivery. In certain embodiments, a balloon is inflated to place resistive element(s) into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure and to occlude the structure. Indexing devices and methods are also disclosed for successively treating portions of the hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, marks along the catheter shaft provide visual verification to the physician of the relative position of the therapeutic element of the catheter. Embodiments of indexing devices may include pairs of rings and/or hinged arms that move a catheter a desired indexed position between successive treatments.

Abstract: A catheter includes multiple primary leads to deliver energy for ligating a hollow anatomical structure. Each of the primary leads includes a resistive element located at the working end of the catheter. Separation is maintained between the leads such that each lead can individually receive power. The catheter can include a lumen to accommodate a guide wire or to allow fluid delivery. Energy is applied until the diameter of the hollow anatomical structure is reduced to the point where occlusion is achieved. In one embodiment, a balloon is inflated to place the resistive elements into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure and to occlude the structure before the application of energy. The inflated balloon impairs blood flow and facilitates the infusion of saline, or medication, to the hollow anatomical structure in order to reduce the occurrence of coagulation and to improve the heating of the structure by the catheter.

Abstract: A working end of a catheter includes at least one therapeutic element, such as a resistive heating element, usable to deliver energy for ligating, or reducing the diameter of, a hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, the catheter includes a lumen to accommodate a guide wire or to allow fluid delivery. In certain embodiments, a balloon is inflated to place resistive element(s) into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure and to occlude the structure. Indexing devices and methods are also disclosed for successively treating portions of the hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, marks along the catheter shaft provide visual verification to the physician of the relative position of the therapeutic element of the catheter. Embodiments of indexing devices may include pairs of rings and/or hinged arms that move a catheter a desired indexed position between successive treatments.

Abstract: A working end of a catheter includes at least one therapeutic element, such as a resistive heating element, usable to deliver energy for ligating, or reducing the diameter of, a hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, the catheter includes a lumen to accommodate a guide wire or to allow fluid delivery. In certain embodiments, a balloon is inflated to place resistive element(s) into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure and to occlude the structure. Indexing devices and methods are also disclosed for successively treating portions of the hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, marks along the catheter shaft provide visual verification to the physician of the relative position of the therapeutic element of the catheter. Embodiments of indexing devices may include pairs of rings and/or hinged arms that move a catheter a desired indexed position between successive treatments.

Abstract: A catheter includes multiple primary leads to deliver energy for ligating a hollow anatomical structure. Each of the primary leads includes a resistive element located at the working end of the catheter. Separation is maintained between the leads such that each lead can individually receive power. The catheter can include a lumen to accommodate a guide wire or to allow fluid delivery. Energy is applied until the diameter of the hollow anatomical structure is reduced to the point where occlusion is achieved. In one embodiment, a balloon is inflated to place the resistive elements into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure and to occlude the structure before the application of energy. The inflated balloon impairs blood flow and facilitates the infusion of saline, or medication, to the hollow anatomical structure in order to reduce the occurrence of coagulation and to improve the heating of the structure by the catheter.

Abstract: A working end of a catheter includes at least one therapeutic element, such as a resistive heating element, usable to deliver energy for ligating, or reducing the diameter of, a hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, the catheter includes a lumen to accommodate a guide wire or to allow fluid delivery. In certain embodiments, a balloon is inflated to place resistive element(s) into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure and to occlude the structure. Indexing devices and methods are also disclosed for successively treating portions of the hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, marks along the catheter shaft provide visual verification to the physician of the relative position of the therapeutic element of the catheter. Embodiments of indexing devices may include pairs of rings and/or hinged arms that move a catheter a desired indexed position between successive treatments.

Abstract: A catheter includes multiple primary leads to deliver energy for ligating a hollow anatomical structure. Each of the primary leads includes a resistive element located at the working end of the catheter. Separation is maintained between the leads such that each lead can individually receive power. The catheter can include a lumen to accommodate a guide wire or to allow fluid delivery. Energy is applied until the diameter of the hollow anatomical structure is reduced to the point where occlusion is achieved. In one embodiment, a balloon is inflated to place the resistive elements into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure and to occlude the structure before the application of energy. The inflated balloon impairs blood flow and facilitates the infusion of saline, or medication, to the hollow anatomical structure in order to reduce the occurrence of coagulation and to improve the heating of the structure by the catheter.

Abstract: A working end of a catheter includes at least one therapeutic element, such as a resistive heating element, usable to deliver energy for ligating, or reducing the diameter of, a hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, the catheter includes a lumen to accommodate a guide wire or to allow fluid delivery. In certain embodiments, a balloon is inflated to place resistive element(s) into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure and to occlude the structure. Indexing devices and methods are also disclosed for successively treating portions of the hollow anatomical structure. In certain examples, marks along the catheter shaft provide visual verification to the physician of the relative position of the therapeutic element of the catheter. Embodiments of indexing devices may include pairs of rings and/or hinged arms that move a catheter a desired indexed position between successive treatments.