Abstract: A system and methods of forming a dielectric material within a trench are described herein. In an embodiment of the method, the method includes introducing a first precursor into a trench of a dielectric layer, such that portions of the first precursor react with the dielectric layer and attach on sidewalls of the trench. The method further includes partially etching portions of the first precursor on the sidewalls of the trench to expose upper portions of the sidewalls of the trench. The method further includes introducing a second precursor into the trench, such that portions of the second precursor react with the remaining portions of the first precursor to form the dielectric material at the bottom of the trench.

Abstract: A network address translation traversal system and method for real-time communications are provided. The network address translation traversal system includes a user terminal equipment, a network address translation device, a signaling control system and a peer terminal. The user terminal equipment is in a private network, while the signaling control system and the peer terminal are in a public network. The signaling control system is configured to instruct the network address translation device to create a network address translation mapping for a real-time communication connection. The peer terminal is configured to create the real-time communication connection with the user terminal equipment via the network address translation device directly according to the network address translation mapping.

Abstract: A signaling control system for use in a NAT traversal system includes a registrar server and an application layer gateway server. The registrar server is configured to record registration information of two user terminals. The application layer gateway server is configured to determinate whether the two user terminals are located under a same network address translation device according to the registration information during a process where the two user terminals create a session connection, and forward respective session description protocol information of the two user terminals to each other if it is determined that the two user terminals are located under the same network address translation device.

Abstract: A network address translation traversal system and method for real-time communications are provided. The network address translation traversal system includes a user terminal equipment, a network address translation device, a signaling control system and a peer terminal. The user terminal equipment is in a private network, while the signaling control system and the peer terminal are in a public network. The signaling control system is configured to instruct the network address translation device to create a network address translation mapping for a real-time communication connection. The peer terminal is configured to create the real-time communication connection with the user terminal equipment via the network address translation device directly according to the network address translation mapping.