Abstract: A time synchronization slave apparatus and a method of determining a time synchronization period are disclosed. In the apparatus, a time synchronization processing unit performs a time synchronization operation and determines an offset and a rate used to correct local time error based on a calculated time error, a timer corrects the local time based on the determined offset and rate, a time error estimation unit estimates a time error in the local time during a present time synchronization period, and generates excess error information regarding an excess point at which the estimated time error exceeds a threshold allowable time error range, a time synchronization period determination unit determines a subsequent time synchronization period based on the excess error information, and a synchronization period information transmission unit transmits synchronization period information regarding the subsequent time synchronization period to a time synchronization master apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for diagnosing a current sensor serially connected to a battery module having at least one secondary battery, including a measuring unit connected to both ends of at least one secondary battery and both ends of the battery module to measure voltages, and connected to both ends of the current sensor to measure current flowing through, and a control unit including a first deviation checking part checking a first voltage deviation between the voltage at both ends of each secondary battery at first and second times by setting a time difference, a second deviation checking part summing the voltages at both ends of each secondary battery and checking a second voltage deviation between the summed voltage and the voltage at both ends of the battery module, and a diagnosing part diagnosing whether the current sensor is in an open circuit state using the first and second voltage deviations.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for diagnosing a current sensor serially connected to a battery module having at least one secondary battery, including a measuring unit connected to both ends of at least one secondary battery and both ends of the battery module to measure voltages, and connected to both ends of the current sensor to measure current flowing through; and a control unit including a first deviation checking part checking a first voltage deviation between the voltage at both ends of each secondary battery at first and second times by setting a time difference, a second deviation checking part summing the voltages at both ends of each secondary battery and checking a second voltage deviation between the summed voltage and the voltage at both ends of the battery module, and a diagnosing part for diagnosing whether the current sensor is in an open circuit state using the first and second voltage deviations.

Abstract: A gateway apparatus includes a first network controller, a second network controller, and a time synchronization control unit. The first network controller has a first timer time-synchronized with nodes within a first network domain. The second network controller has a second timer time-synchronized with nodes within a second network domain. The time synchronization control unit includes a processor configured to store the observed times of the switching points of synchronized time slots within the first network domain, based on system time within the second network domain, and adjusts the rate of the second timer based on a comparison of a time difference between the successive observed times and a nominal length of the time slots.

Abstract: A time synchronization slave apparatus and a method of determining a time synchronization period are disclosed. In the apparatus, a time synchronization processing unit performs a time synchronization operation and determines an offset and a rate used to correct local time error based on a calculated time error, a timer corrects the local time based on the determined offset and rate, a time error estimation unit estimates a time error in the local time during a present time synchronization period, and generates excess error information regarding an excess point at which the estimated time error exceeds a threshold allowable time error range, a time synchronization period determination unit determines a subsequent time synchronization period based on the excess error information, and a synchronization period information transmission unit transmits synchronization period information regarding the subsequent time synchronization period to a time synchronization master apparatus.

Abstract: A gateway apparatus includes a first network controller, a second network controller, and a time synchronization control unit. The first network controller has a first timer time-synchronized with nodes within a first network domain. The second network controller has a second timer time-synchronized with nodes within a second network domain. The time synchronization control unit includes a processor configured to store the observed times of the switching points of synchronized time slots within the first network domain, based on system time within the second network domain, and adjusts the rate of the second timer based on a comparison of a time difference between the successive observed times and a nominal length of the time slots.