Abstract: Techniques are described for passive three-dimensional (3D) face imaging based on macro-structure and micro-structure image sizing, such as for biometric facial recognition. A set of images of a user's face is processed to extract authentication deterministic macro-structure (DMAS) measurements. A database includes profile DMAS measurements, profile location definitions for deterministic micro-structure (DMIS) feature regions, and profile DMIS signatures computed for the DMIS feature regions. A first-level authentication determination can be based on comparing the authentication DMAS measurements with the profile DMAS measurements. Authentication DMIS signatures can be computed from sub-images obtained for the DMIS feature regions at the profile location definitions. A second-level authentication determination can be based on comparing the authentication DMIS signatures with the profile DMIS signatures.

Abstract: Improved under-display illumination is provided for display modules integrated in electronic devices. For example, a display module can include a number of display micro-structures, such as pixels and electrodes. Much of the illumination energy from conventional under-display illumination (e.g., for backlighting) can tend to be blocked by the micro-structures and can also tend to damage the micro-structures. Novel arrangements of optical structures are provided herein to output under-display illumination energy and to direct the energy in a manner that passes completely or mostly through gaps between the display micro-structures. Some implementations provide additional features, such as light conditioning to facilitate transmission of light energy through a dark coating layer, and/or use of multiple optical structures to provide illumination energy with different optical characteristics.

Abstract: Techniques are described for passive three-dimensional (3D) image sensing based on chromatic differentiation for use in object verification. For example, multiple sub-images correspond to 3D feature regions of an object. The sub-images can be analyzed to obtain respective sets of feature depth measurements (e.g., depth, textural signatures, etc.) based on multiple differentiated chromatic components of raw image sensor data captured from the object. A verification signal can be output as a function of comparing the respective sets of feature depth measurements from the plurality of characteristic sub-images to previously stored feature depth expectations, such that the verification signal indicates whether an identity of the object is verified and/or whether the object is a spoof.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, devices and methods for providing fingerprint sensors based on ultrasound imaging techniques in electronic devices and fabrication techniques for producing ultrasound-based fingerprint sensors. In some aspects, an ultrasound fingerprint sensor device includes an intermediate layer coupled to a base chip including an integrated circuit having conducive contacts at a surface of the base chip, the intermediate layer including an insulation layer formed on the base chip and a corresponding array of channeling electrode structures coupled to the conductive contacts and passing through the insulation layer, in which the channeling electrodes terminate at or above a top surface of the insulation layer to provide bottom electrodes; a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements including an acoustic transducer material coupled to the bottom electrodes; and a plurality of top electrodes positioned on the ultrasonic transducer elements.

Abstract: A smart watch described in this document includes hardware and software necessary to obtain motion and sensor data from a user wearing the smart watch. The described smart watch can continuously collect sensor data from the user and combine the sensor data from multiple sensors to enhance the accuracy of the sensor data analysis and provide relevant feedback information to the user. In addition, the described smart watch is capable of pairing with an external personal portable device, such as a smartphone or tablet to correlate the collected sensor data with activities performed by the user on the paired device. The smart device can also transmit data to a cloud server to collect sensor data and correlation analysis data for further analysis and provide statistical analysis of the collected sensor data and correlation analysis data.

Abstract: Blood dynamic performance (BDP) sensing is provided using under-display ultrasonic sensors integrated within display panel arrangements of portable electronic devices. For example, a BDP sensing system is integrated in a device to include at least a sensor array of ultrasonic transducers disposed below the display screen and a BDP sensor control circuit. The control circuit can direct the sensor array to transmit ultrasonic waves through a sensing region of the display screen at an object (e.g., a finger) and receive a reflected-back portion of the ultrasonic waves, and generate ultrasonic signals corresponding to the received portion of the ultrasonic waves. A processor can generate BDP output information based on the ultrasonic signals to indicate dynamic performance of blood flowing through at least one of the structures of the object (e.g., heart rate measurements, blood pressure measurements, etc.

Abstract: Techniques are described for passive three-dimensional (3D) image sensing based on chromatic differentiation. For example, an object can be imaged by using a photodetector array to detect light reflected off of the object and focused through a lens onto the array. Light components of different wavelengths tends to be focused through the lens to different focal lengths, which can tend to impact the brightness of each wavelength as detected. For example, if the detector array is closer to a shorter-wavelength focal plane, a white spot will tend to be detected with a higher magnitude of blue light components than of red light components. Ratios of brightness magnitudes for different wavelengths vary in a manner that strongly correlates to object distance from the lens. Embodiments exploit this correlation to passively detect object distance. Some embodiments further provide various types of distance and/or chromatic calibration to further facilitate such detection.

Abstract: Technology for devices, systems, techniques and processes to provide anti-spoofing features for facial identification with enhanced security against facial spoofing devices or technique by using optical sensing and other sensing mechanisms to explore certain unique characteristics of a face of a live person that lack in most spoofing devices made of artificial materials or are difficult to replicate, including optical sensing based on unique optical absorption or reflection features of biological parts of a person's face.

Abstract: An optical fingerprint sensing module is configured to be disposed under a display screen that includes an array of LEDs. The optical fingerprint sensing module includes a light coupler disposed under the display screen, an array of light collimators coupled to the light coupler, a photodetector array, electronic circuitry coupled to the photodetector array, and a processor. The processor is configured to cause the electronic circuitry to capture a first frame while a first plurality of LEDs in the display screen are turned on and a second plurality of LEDs are turned off, and capture a second frame while the first plurality of LEDs are turned off and the second plurality of LEDs are turned on. The processor is further configured to construct a first fingerprint image and a second fingerprint image by combining the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: Techniques are described for passive three-dimensional image sensing based on referential image blurring. For example, a filter mask is integrated with a lens assembly to provide one or more normal imaging bandpass (NIB) regions and one or more reference imaging bandpass (RIB) regions, the regions being optically distinguishable and corresponding to different focal lengths and/or different focal paths. As light rays from a scene object pass through the different regions of the filter mask, a sensor can detect first and second images responsive to those light rays focused through the NIB region and the RIB region, respectively (according to their respective focal lengths and/or respective focal paths). An amount of blurring between the images can be measured and correlated to an object distance for the scene object. Some embodiments project additional reference illumination to enhance blurring detection in the form of reference illumination flooding and/or spotted illumination.

Abstract: Techniques are described for passive three-dimensional image sensing based on referential image blurring. For example, a filter mask is integrated with a lens assembly to provide one or more normal imaging bandpass (NIB) regions and one or more reference imaging bandpass (RIB) regions, the regions being optically distinguishable and corresponding to different focal lengths and/or different focal paths. As light rays from a scene object pass through the different regions of the filter mask, a sensor can detect first and second images responsive to those light rays focused through the NIB region and the RIB region, respectively (according to their respective focal lengths and/or respective focal paths). An amount of blurring between the images can be measured and correlated to an object distance for the scene object. Some embodiments project additional reference illumination to enhance blurring detection in the form of reference illumination flooding and/or spotted illumination.

Abstract: Optical sensing is provided to detect two-dimensional spoof objects using bright-dark reversal imaging. For example, embodiments can operate in context of an under-display optical fingerprint sensor integrated into an electronic device, such as a smartphone. An optical scanning system is configured so that direct illumination incident on a defined sensing region is redirected, by internal specular reflection off of a contact surface, onto an optical sensor in a bright-dark pattern corresponding to the pattern of contact an object and the contact surface. Masking of direct illumination in a certain region of the contact surface inhibits specular reflection in that region, such that optical information is directed to the optical sensor from that region only by non-specular reflection. Three-dimensional (real) and two-dimensional (spoof) objects tend to manifest different optical responses to the lack of specular reflection in the masked region, which can be exploited to detect such spoofs.

Abstract: Optical sensing is provided for anti-spoofing of transparent spoof overlay material using pixel spreading detection. Some embodiments operate in context of an under-display optical fingerprint sensor integrated into an electronic device. An optical scanning system can direct illumination incident on a sensing region, which is redirected, by specular reflection off of a contact surface, onto an optical sensor in a predictable manner. When an object (e.g., finger) is in direct contact with a contact surface, the predictable specular correspondence is maintained. However, when a transparent spoof material is placed between the object and the contact surface, the spoof material produces additional specular and non-specular reflection, resulting in pixel spreading at the optical sensor. Thus, presence of the spoof material can be detected by detecting such pixel spreading. Some embodiments use illumination masking to help facilitate the pixel spreading detection.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display screen, which includes a cover glass, a transparent layer disposed under the cover glass disposed under the cover glass, and a display illumination layer disposed under the transparent layer. The electronic device further includes an optical ID sensing module disposed under the display illumination layer and configured to form an image of a fingerprint pattern or a palmprint pattern of a hand of a user. The electronic device further includes a light source disposed at an edge side of the transparent layer, and is configured to emit a light beam to be coupled into the transparent layer through the edge side. A portion of the light beam may be transmitted through the cover glass to illuminate the hand for imaging of fingerprint pattern or the palmprint pattern by the optical ID sensing module.

Abstract: Techniques are described for three-dimensional (3D) image sensing based on passive optical techniques and dynamic calibration. For example, light reflected from one or more objects in a scene is received via a lens of a novel 3D imaging system to forms an image of the object(s) on an image sensor through a spatial filter. A distribution of mask elements are associated with corresponding signal pixel sets of the image sensor, and reference elements of the spatial filter are associated with corresponding reference pixel sets of the image sensor; such that portions of the image tend to be shadowed by the mask elements at the signal pixel sets, but not at the reference pixel sets. Object distances for the one or more objects in the scene can be computed as a function of signal brightness detected by the signal pixel sets and reference brightness detected by the reference pixel sets.

Abstract: Techniques are described for three-dimensional (3D) image sensing based on passive optical techniques and dynamic calibration. For example, light reflected from one or more objects in a scene is received via a lens of a novel 3D imaging system to forms an image of the object(s) on an image sensor through a spatial filter. A distribution of mask elements are associated with corresponding signal pixel sets of the image sensor, and reference elements of the spatial filter are associated with corresponding reference pixel sets of the image sensor; such that portions of the image tend to be shadowed by the mask elements at the signal pixel sets, but not at the reference pixel sets. Object distances for the one or more objects in the scene can be computed as a function of signal brightness detected by the signal pixel sets and reference brightness detected by the reference pixel sets.

Abstract: Devices and optical sensor modules are provided for provide on-screen optical sensing of fingerprints by using an under-screen optical sensor module that captures and detects returned light that is emitted by an LCD display screen for displaying images and that is reflected back by the top surface of the screen assembly.

Abstract: Techniques are described for time-of-fly sensors with hybrid refractive gradient-index optics. Some embodiments are for integration into portable electronic devices with cameras, such as smart phones. For example, a time-of-fly (TOF) imaging subsystem can receive optical information along an optical path at an imaging plane. A hybrid lens can be coupled with the TOF imaging subsystem and disposed in the optical path so that the imaging plane is substantially at a focal plane of the hybrid lens. The hybrid lens can include a less-than-quarter-pitch gradient index (GRIN) lens portion, and a refractive lens portion with a convex optical interface. The portions of the hybrid lens, together, produce a combined focal length that defines the focal plane. The hybrid lens is designed so that the combined focal length is less than a quarter-pitch focal length of the GRIN lens portion and has less spherical aberration than either lens portion.

Abstract: Optical sensing is provided for anti-spoofing of transparent spoof overlay material using pixel spreading detection. Some embodiments operate in context of an under-display optical fingerprint sensor integrated into an electronic device. An optical scanning system can direct illumination incident on a sensing region, which is redirected, by specular reflection off of a contact surface, onto an optical sensor in a predictable manner. When an object (e.g., finger) is in direct contact with a contact surface, the predictable specular correspondence is maintained. However, when a transparent spoof material is placed between the object and the contact surface, the spoof material produces additional specular and non-specular reflection, resulting in pixel spreading at the optical sensor. Thus, presence of the spoof material can be detected by detecting such pixel spreading. Some embodiments use illumination masking to help facilitate the pixel spreading detection.

Abstract: Devices are provided for providing on-screen optical sensing of fingerprints by using an under-screen optical sensor module for improved optical fingerprint sensing including using an optical sensor module to include (1) an optical sensor array of optical detectors to detect light that carries a fingerprint pattern, (2) a pinhole layer structured to include an array of pinholes and located above the optical sensor array to spatially filter incident light to be detected by the optical detectors; and (3) a lens layer structured to include an array of lenses formed above the pinhole layer where the lenses are spatially separated and positioned so that one lens is placed above one corresponding pinhole in the array of pinholes and different lenses in the lens array are placed above different pinholes in the array of pinholes, respectively, to allow the optical sensor array to receive and detector the incident light.