Abstract: A method for manufacturing a resistor function in an electric conductor on the surface of a carrier, preferably a conductor on printed circuit boards, substrates and chips. By etching using an anisotropic etching technique, the conductor is provided with at least one portion which has a smaller cross-sectional area than the conductor surrounding the portion, the length and width of the portion being such that a predetermined resistance is obtained in the conductor. A resistor according to the invention is on both sides connected to a conductor on a carrier, such as a printed circuit board, a substrate or a chip. The resistor comprises a conductor portion positioned on the carrier and having a significantly smaller cross-sectional area than the conductor on both sides of the resistor.

Abstract: An electronics device comprising a carrier, such as a printed circuit board, a substrate or a chip, and an electric conductor on a surface of the carrier. The surface of the conductor (2) facing away from the carrier has a surface structure (3, 4; 6, 7) in the form of flanges which are defined by etched grooves.

Abstract: A system for equalizing the charge level of batteries comprising battery cells (3) or battery blocks (9) connected in series. Controlled voltage converters (4) are on one side connected to a single or groups of battery cells (3) or battery blocks (9) and on another side connected to a common current path (5, 6), a positive conductor (5) thereof being connected to a positive pole (1) of the battery and the negative pole (6) thereof being connected to a negative pole (2) of the battery.