Abstract: Provided herein are novel polythiophene compounds having polyalkoxyl sidechains and low temperature irreversible upon activation (IUA) thermochromic compounds/compositions thereof. The IUA thermochromic compounds or compositions are activated and exhibit an IUA color by heating to or above a reversible thermochromic transition temperature (RTTT) and cooling to or below an irreversible thermochromic transition temperature (IRTTT) in less than 2 seconds. The activated IUA thermochromic compounds or compositions will retain their IUA color as long as the compounds or compositions are kept at or below about 5° C. below the IRTTT. The activated IUA thermochromic compounds or compositions will be deactivated and show a different color upon exposure to a temperature equal to or higher than about 5° C. below the IRTTT unless the compounds or compositions are activated again.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering data associated with a damaged file stored in a NAND gate array memory. The method includes the steps of: identifying all meta data associated with the damaged file; identifying each logical block address of all identified meta data; collecting all physical block addresses associated with one of the identified logical block addresses or the identified meta data; counting in a replace table (ReplTable) a number of matches to a physical block address of the damaged file for each physical block address of the damaged file; choosing a block in a linked list that corresponds to the physical block address of the block in the linked list; and linking all chosen blocks to form a replicated file.

Abstract: A microfluidic valve system is disclosed that includes a matrix, a hydrophilic acceptor region a hydrophilic transfer region, and a hydrophobic gap between the acceptor region and the transfer region.