Abstract: An emitter assembly for use in curing of paints or other coatings includes a generally sealed outer enclosure having an inlet; a cooling system for directing a cooling fluid via the inlet to inside the outer enclosure to maintain at least the exterior surfaces of the outer enclosure below a first threshold temperature; and an inner enclosure contained by the outer enclosure and enclosing an emitter bulb, the inner enclosure configured to at least partially shelter the emitter bulb from the flow of cooling fluid to maintain the emitter bulb at or above a second threshold temperature.

Abstract: A stud weld head includes an electrode with a base for attaching the electrode to the stud welder; a body extending from the base and having a stud receiving cavity; and a retention device associated with the stud receiving cavity to permit entry and removal of a stud from the cavity without contact with the retention device. The improved stud weld head retains the stud during the welding operation reducing the chances that the stud inconveniently falls out of the stud receiving cavity.