Abstract: Basic idea is that in addition to sending +1 and ?1 a third state is sent. This third state is a lack of any transmission whatsoever. Suggests sending frequency 0 for symbol 0, frequency 1 for symbol 1, frequency 2 for symbol 2, frequency 0 & frequency 1 for symbol 3 etc. Also suggests using 2 frequencies and phase modulating each. Frequency 1 has 2 possible phase states and frequency 2 has 2 possible phase states, therefore 4 bits can be coded. If send only frequency 2 with its two phase states, this enables us to send two more bits. If send neither frequency 1, nor frequency 2 this indicates 1 other bit state. Therefore 8 bits can be coded.

Abstract: At present to facilitate multimedia/fax/realtime applications on the Internet requires the IP packets to be given priority over other packets by methods such as RSVP/Tag Switching to ensure Quality of Service. Here is presented a method whereby an Internet Time multiplexed Circuit Connection is established enabling data communications at both ends in exactly the same way as in the case where the Internet Connection so established is a PSTN switched circuit connection, at wire speed with same transmissions quality. At predetermined periods (the single individual periods of which may be different in time durations at each nodes) all selected nodes between source & destination are arranged to automatically switch incoming signals to next node at wire speed without buffering delay/route computation delay, thus establishes a Time Multiplexed Circuit Connection for the durations of the predetermined periods, as in the case where a simplex PSTN dedicated circuit connection has been established.

Abstract: Various techniques of simple modifications to TCP/IP protocol and other susceptible protocols and related network's switches/routers configurations, are presented for immediate ready implementations over external Internet of virtually congestion free guaranteed service capable network, without requiring use of existing QoS/MPLS techniques nor requiring any of the switches/routers softwares within the network to be modified or contribute to achieving the end-to-end performance results nor requiring provision of unlimited bandwidths at each and every inter-node links within the network.

Abstract: Various techniques including simple TCP/IP protocol modifications are presented for immediate ready implementations of virtually congestion free guaranteed service capable network, without requiring use of existing QoS/MPLS techniques nor requiring any of the switches/routers softwares within the network to be modified or contribute to achieving the end-to-end performance results nor requiring provision of unlimited bandwidths at each and every inter-node links within the network.

Abstract: This simple ready method routes all data (eg IP packets/ATM cell) between source and destination only along non-blocking links of router nodes on the Internet without data portion checksum processing at the nodes (eg using Real time Streaming Protocol IPv4 UDP packet type with checksum disabled; or as IPv6 specified hops UDP packets which has checksum included in the data portion but routed only along cut-through router/switches). The IP Packet here is sent without error correction checksum in the data portion, or the nodes along the route do not perform any error controls on the data portions of the IP Packets/ATM cells. Hence there will not be any IP Packets/ATM cells retransmissions occurrence along the route. IP Packets/ATM Cells with Header portion checksum errors detected could simply be discarded.

Abstract: The methods bypass present lengthy modem renegotiations (typically 20-30 seconds) to effect fast re-establishment of ISO Application-Oriented Layer communication link between user Application Programs/Browsers and Internet Service Provider, and enables complete session continuity without user being aware of noticeable difference due to frequent connections/disconnections of PSTN line. The methods at its most basic essence requires that the reconnecting incoming calls be routed to the same Port #/Modem unit/Data channel.

Abstract: The methods bypass present lengthy modem renegotiations (typically 20-30 seconds) to effect fast reestablishment of ISO Application-Oriented Layer communication link between user Application Programs/Browsers and Internet Service Provider, and enables complete session continuity without user being aware of noticeable difference due to frequent connections/disconnections of PSTN line. The methods at its most basic essence requires that the reconnecting incoming calls be routed to the same Port #/Modem unit/Data channel.

Abstract: At present to facilitate multimedia/voice/fax/realtime applications on the Internet requires the IP packets to be given priority over other packets by methods such as RSVP/Tag Switching to ensure Quality of Service.