Abstract: A method and apparatus for mechanically selectively preventing or permitting systemic sap flow in trees to prevent premature out-of-season bud formation, particularly in fruit trees, when unreasonably warm spells would promote flow of tree sap and consequently formation of premature buds which in the ordinary course of event will suffer kill back and result in serious tree damage upon reversion to normally cold weather, the method comprising cutting all around the body of a tree at a selected section from the bark to around the outer edge of heartwood; inserting at least a pair of perforated members in the cut area to both prevent healing and closing of the cut and to permit flow of sap when desired and at least a pair of members for cooperation with the perforated members to permit flow of sap through the perforations thereof or to block up the perforations to prevent flow of sap therethrough.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mechanically selectively preventing or permitting systemic sap flow in trees to prevent premature out-of-season bud formation, particularly in fruit trees, when unreasonably warm spells would promote flow of tree sap and consequently formation of premature buds which in the ordinary course of events will suffer kill back and result in serious tree damage upon reversion to normally cold weather, the method comprising cutting all around the body of a tree at a selected section from the bark to around the outer edge of heartwood; inserting at least a pair of perforated members having wicks or wick-like members in the perforations thereof in the cut area to both prevent healing and closing of the cut and to permit flow of sap when desired and at least a pair of members for cooperation with the perforated members to permit flow of sap through the perforations thereof or to block up the perforations to prevent flow of sap therethrough.

Abstract: A wrench suitable for use in extremely close quarters where space for cranking is completely lacking and use of power driver is impossible comprising an elongate housing and a nut or bolt heat receiving wrench socket rotatably secured within the housing at each end thereof. Each of the wrench sockets is provided with gear teeth integral with and extending around the periphery of the sockets. One or more gear members forming a gear train is disposed within the elongate housing and extend along the length of the wrench to provide a driving relationship between the gear teeth of the wrench sockets. One or more additional wrench members is attached to and drivingly interconnected to the first mentioned wrench to penetrate any labyrinth or tortuous path to install or remove a nut or bolt without cranking.