Abstract: Apparatus for detecting contaminants, including emboli, in a blood sample prior to blood cell analysis, wherein fluid density sensors are arranged on opposite sides of a fluid segmenting valve to provide electrical signals indicative of the degree of optical opacity of the fluid flowing through the sensors. The derived signals are compared against a diluent reference level signal to provide resultant signal outputs indicating the presence or absence of emboili or other contaminants within the segmented portion of fluid.

Abstract: A particle analyzing apparatus and method of moving and counting particles in suspension through such an apparatus. The particle analyzing apparatus comprises a particle counting device wherein particles in suspension are caused to be moved through an aperture whose effective impedance is changed with the passage of each particle therethrough and a fluid connection means for drawing a quantity of the suspension through the aperture, including a source of vacuum. The source of vacuum comprises a bellows having an end, and a constant force means connected to the end of the bellows means.

Abstract: A debris alarm device for use with a particle analyzing apparatus of the Coulter.RTM. type generates discrete particle pulses in response to liquid suspended particles passing through a sensing aperture, the debris alarm comprising threshold circuitry for generating a threshold pulse for each particle pulse; circuitry for generating, for each threshold pulse, a normal pulse of predetermined duration; a first current source and a second current source for providing currents of opposite polarity to an integrator, when said current sources are triggered, respectively, by the threshold pulses and the normal pulses; and debris indicator circuitry, including an alarm, for determining when the output voltage of the integrator, which initially is set to zero, falls out of a predetermined voltage window.

Abstract: A single instrument for photometrically determining hemoglobin content and electronically determining white blood cell count of a single sample suspension of blood. The instrument is provided with a calibration mode of operation independent of the run or normal operational mode of the instrument.A vacuum system is described where vacuum is generated during the operating cycle only at periods when vacuum is required with an adjustable volume vacuum chamber interposed in the vacuum system to assure proper vacuum levels.Carryover of one liquid to a next introduced second liquid in the test vessel is reduced by successive draining of said second liquid and reintroduction into said vessel of a replacement amount of said second liquid. The second liquid can be a sample of rinse liquid.An hydraulic system is described as operating in conjunction with the pneumatic or vacuum system.

Abstract: An aperture module for obtaining signals from microscopic particles suspended in a sample blood solution which passes through a scanning aperture. A module housing including an aperture holder is mounted on a container or bath containing a body of the particulate liquid suspension to be tested. The aperture holder with aperture formed therein extends into the vessel to permit passage of the sample through the aperture to an outlet chamber immediately behind the aperture. The chamber is connected to a source of clean electrolyte and has a narrowed or reduced dimension portion positioned immediately behind the aperture. A vacuum is applied to the chamber to cause the sample to be drawn through the aperture for testing thereof. An optical hemoglobinometer is positioned in association with the bath to measure the hemoglobin content of the solution to be tested.