Abstract: A laparoscopic surgery system calibrator and method for using the same are provided. The laparoscopic surgery system calibrator comprises a tool-retaining apparatus and at least one machine. The tool-retaining apparatus is constructed to releasably secure a surgical instrument having at least one fiducial marker thereon. The at least one machine is coupled to the tool-retaining apparatus to pivot the tool-retaining apparatus through a set of poses once the surgical instrument is secured by the tool-retaining apparatus.

Abstract: An authorization access system and method of minimizing unauthorized access to a resource are provided. The authorization access system comprises at least one processor, and a memory storing instructions which when executed by the at least one processor configure the at least one processor to perform the method. The method comprises assigning a first risk score to application programming interface (API) traffic associated with a user device and/or user behaviour pattern observed prior to an API gateway, assigning a second risk score to the API traffic associated with the user device observed at the API gateway, assigning a third risk score to the API traffic associated with the user device and/or back end service responses observed after the API gateway, and performing an authorization action based on any of the first, second or third risk scores.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods and systems are provided for controlling access to one or more computational resources by discriminating between a human user or an automated process. An example system comprises one or more computer processors operating in conjunction with computer memory and data storage to render a set of question images including at least two images having one or more inter-image visually ascertainable relationships, and at least one image having one or more intra-image visually ascertainable relationships, the inter-image visually ascertainable relationships and the intra-image visually ascertainable relationships having one overlapping visually ascertainable relationship.