Abstract: In a 2D/3D display, a switchable lenticular array having foci which can be switched in a continuous way between first focal strength and a second focal strength is provided. The switchable lenticular array comprises fluid cylindrical lens portions, while the foci can be controlled by electrowetting.

Abstract: A subtractive display device comprising picture elements having sub-pixels, each sub-pixel comprising a stack of switchable layers (5,25) or components and a color filter part (21).

Abstract: A variable lens having an optical axis is described. The lens comprises a plurality of annuli located around the optical axis. Each annulus has respective side walls defining a chamber containing a first fluid and a second fluid in contact over a meniscus. The fluids are substantially immiscible and have different refractive indices. At least one of the annuli comprises at least one electrode for altering the configuration of the meniscus.

Abstract: Switching between 2D and 3D visualization is achieved by an optical-index matching fluid (9) which can be brought between a lenticular sheet (6, 7) and a top plate (10). The fluid may contain two immiscible fluids while switching is based on (re)distribution of the fluids due to electrostatic forces.

Abstract: A variable focus lens comprising a first fluid (A) and a second, non-miscible, fluid (B) in contact over a meniscus. A first electrode (2) separated from the fluid bodies by a fluid contact layer (10), and a second electrode (12) in contact with the first fluid to cause an electrowetting effect whereby the shape of the meniscus is altered. The fluid contact layer has a substantially cylindrical inner wall.

Abstract: Switching between 2D and 3D visualization is achieved by an optical-index matching fluid (9) which can be brought between a lenticular sheet (6, 7) and a top plate (10). The fluid may contain two immiscible fluids while switching is based on (re)distribution of the fluids due to electrostatic forces.

Abstract: A method of disentangling sample properties in a scanned sample requires a calibration sample in which two sample properties are variable. The calibration sample is scanned, and two measured variables are recorded during the scan. The two sample properties are measured quantitatively by an independent means. Using the data from the calibration sample, conversion functions are mathematically determined, in order to convert the two measured variables into the two sample properties. A sample, for which the two properties are unknown, is scanned, and the two measured variables are recorded. Using the conversion functions, the data from the scan is converted into the two sample properties of interest for the unknown sample. This method can be used with the first sample property being topography, so that effects due to the topography of the sample are eliminated from the computation of the second property of the unknown sample.