Abstract: Provided herein is a process to react optically pure alkyl lactates with thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of a lewis base ionic liquid to produce optically pure chloropropionic acid alkyl esters.

Abstract: This invention provides a composition and a method for increasing biogenic methane gas production from subterranean coal deposits. The composition and method provides a nutrient protein hydrolysate that contains less than 0.5 percent of the amino acid L-tyrosine, which is most effective in significantly increasing methane gas released from subterranean coal deposits.

Abstract: An enzymatic hydrolysis process for producing a fish protein hydrolysate powder is provided. Further provided is use of the fish protein hydrolysate powder obtained and a composition comprising said powder as a medicament, preferably for the prophylaxis or treatment of oxidative damage of the gastro-intestinal and central nervous system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention comprise methods of reducing circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein-beta-2-glycoprotein 1 and circulating Myeloperoxidase levels by administering to subjects an effective amount of a dietary oil composition containing 20-90 wt % polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lowering oxidized low density lipoprotein-beta-2-glycoprotein complex and Myeloperoxidase levels may be an effective treatment of atherosclerosis.

Abstract: An improved skin composition intended for topical application to skin for lightening hyperpigmented skin is provided. The subject composition is characterized by incorporation of at least one carbohydrate-based melanin inhibiting agent selected from bearberry extract, ascorbyl glucoside, rutin and arbutin into an ultra low molecular weight aminoglycan polymer gel. It has been found that the skin composition of the present invention possesses improved skin penetration and significantly enhances the depigmenting effect of the active agents.

Abstract: An improved process for selectively chlorinating 4,5-dihydro-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ones, including 4,5-dihydro-3-alkyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ones and4-haloalkyl-4, 5-dihydro-3-alkyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ones in the 4-position of the phenyl ring by dissolving the compounds in a synergistic ratio of polar aprotic solvents, preferably acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide in a 7:3 ratio and reacting the solution with chlorine gas.

Abstract: An improved process for selectively chlorinating 4,5-dihydro-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ones, including 4,5-dihydro-3-alkyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ones and 4-haloalkyl-4,5-dihydro-3-alkyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ones in the 4-position of the phenyl ring by dissolving the compounds in a synergistic ratio of polar aprotic solvents, preferably acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide in a 7:3 ratio and reacting the solution with chlorine gas.

Abstract: An improved skin composition intended for topical application to skin for lightening hyperpigmented skin is provided. The subject composition is characterized by incorporation of at least one carbohydrate-based melanin inhibiting agent selected from bearberry extract, ascorbyl glucoside, rutin and arbutin into an ultra low molecular weight aminoglycan polymer gel. It has been found that the skin composition of the present invention possesses improved skin penetration and significantly enhances the depigmenting effect of the active agents.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention comprise methods of reducing circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein-beta-2-glycoprotein 1 and circulating Myeloperoxidase levels by administering to subjects an effective amount of a dietary oil composition containing 20-90 wt % polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lowering oxidized low density lipoprotein-beta-2-glycoprotein complex and Myeloperoxidase levels may be an effective treatment of atherosclerosis.

Abstract: A process for the isolation of low-molecular weight aminoglycan compound of formula I made up of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine units; from a hitherto unexploited natural source of waste egg shells; which process comprises the steps of: wherein M may be at one or more instances Na, Ca, K, Mg: and n is an integer between 20 and 40: (a) pre-preparation of the waste egg-shells for extraction of the embryonic low molecular weight aminoglycan compound of formula I using a polar organic solvent in water; (b) extraction of the low molecular weight aminoglycan compound of formula I as its water soluble salt using an aqueous polar salt solution; (c) isolation of a purified low molecular weight aminoglycan compound of formula I by gel formation out of the aqueous salt mixture by using a polar organic solvent followed by filtration or centrifuging; (d) stabilization of the isolated aminoglycan extract by sequential introduction of organic oils into a semi-dried gel to form the aminoglycan

Abstract: Processes for preparing compounds of formula I are disclosed comprising the steps of: (a) forming of chiral propionic acid ester compounds of formula V. (b) reacting compounds of formula V with aniline compounds to yield compounds of formula I.

Abstract: A data processing means for user tunable and selectable (FIG. 2) of a database wherein the data contained therein have associated descriptive properties (FIG. 2) capable of being expressed in numeric form is described. Descriptive property values (FIG. 2) may be standardized numerically to eliminate property value overweighting. A quantized vector (FIG. 2) representative of the descriptive properties is created for each item in the database. This quantized vector becomes the fingerprint for each data item. The user submits a query item to be matched against the database for similarity. A fingerprint is calculated for the query item. The user may then assign weights to the individual descriptive properties based upon perceived importance (FIG. 2). A newly weighted fingerprint for the query item is then compared with the fingerprints for all the data in the database. A list of results is presented to the user (FIG. 2).

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of the formula comprising: (a) formation of 3(S)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methanesulfonyloxy-propionic acid methyl ester compound of the formula (b) cyclization of the product of Step (a) with 4-fluoroaniline to yield 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4(S)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-azetidin-2-one.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of the formula 1

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed that allow a user to identify, within a certain level of confidence, the raw materials consumed in the manufacture of a particular chemical product. In addition, the system and method allow a user to identify, within a certain level of confidence, the chemical products, the manufacturing processes of which, consume a raw material. The system compares a raw material or chemical product to a database of companies comprising the raw material purchases of companies, as well as the chemical products manufactured by companies. Through a statistical analysis, the system reports results to the user that meet a pre-established threshold of accuracy.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein concerns a data processing means for user tunable and selectable searching of a database wherein the data contained therein have associated descriptive properties capable of being expressed in numeric form. A quantized vector representative of the descriptive properties is created for each item in the database. This quantized vector becomes the fingerprint for each data item. The user submits a query item to be matched against the database for similarity. A fingerprint is calculated for the query item. The user may then assign weights to the individual descriptive properties based upon perceived importance. A newly weighted fingerprint for the query item is then compared with the weighted fingerprints for all the data in the database. A list of results sorted in order of decreasing similarity is presented to the user. The user may then change the previously assigned weights and then re-run the similarity search.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed that allow a user to identify, within a certain level of confidence, the raw materials consumed in the manufacture of a particular chemical product. In addition, the system and method allow a user to identify, within a certain level of confidence, the chemical products, the manufacturing processes of which, consume a raw material. The system compares a raw material or chemical product to a database of companies comprising the raw material purchases of companies, as well as the chemical products manufactured by companies. Through a statistical analysis, the system reports results to the user that meet a pre-established threshold of accuracy.

Abstract: A chemical name search system and method are disclosed that allows a user to unambiguously identify a chemical that is included in a database of chemical names quickly and efficiently. The system searches for a chemical name by removing the prefix, midfix, and suffix from a chemical name. The resulting string of chemical descriptors is compared against a database of chemical names and synonyms of chemical names for matches. The system allows users to identify particular chemicals in a database, as well as chemicals that are similar to the particular chemical.

Abstract: 2,5-Dioxo-3-pyrroline-1-acetanilide compounds which are effective for the control or prevention of phytopathogenic fungi are described. A method for the fungicidal use of said compounds, fungicidal compositions containing said compounds and a method for the preparation of said compounds are also presented.

Abstract: 2,5-Dioxo-3-pyrroline-1-acetanilide compounds which are effective for the control or prevention of phytopathogenic fungi are described. A method for the fungicidal use of said compounds, fungicidal compositions containing said compounds and a method for the preparation of said compounds are also presented.