Abstract: Provided are a method for generating a summary and a system therefor. The method according to some embodiments may include calculating a likelihood loss for a summary model using a first text sample and a first summary sentence corresponding to the first text sample, calculating an unlikelihood loss for the summary model using a second text sample and the first summary sentence, the second text sample being a negative sample generated from the first text sample, and updating the summary model based on the likelihood loss and the unlikelihood loss.

Abstract: A winding member, including a winding core for an electrode assembly, winding a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a first separator, the winding core including a pair of clamps extending along a longitudinal direction of the winding core a base portion coupled to a first and second end of each of the clamps the clamps being spaced apart from each other vertically around an insertion groove, the clamps including a first clamp and a second clamp extending along the longitudinal direction the first clamp including a pair of protrusions protruding in the direction of the second clamp on an inner surface of the first clamp, and at least one of the pair of protrusions fixing a winding-front end of the first separator inserted into the insertion groove to an inner surface of the second clamp.

Abstract: A storage device having a multi drop structure is provided. The storage device comprises a storage controller configured to output a data signal, a first non-volatile memory configured to receive the data signal, a first wiring electrically connected to the storage controller and configured to transfer the data signal, a first termination module including a first impedance element that electrically connects the first wiring to at least one of a power voltage or a ground voltage, a second wiring electrically connected to the first wiring and configured to transfer the data signal to the first non-volatile memory, and a third wiring electrically connected to the first wiring and configured to transfer the data signal to the first termination module.

Abstract: A washing control apparatus and method of a dish washing machine capable of determining a course selection in each operation through the detection of the turbidity of wash water at a preceding operation. The washing control method includes determining whether an automatic washing course has been selected according to a command of a user, when the automatic washing course has been selected, detecting a turbidity of wash water during washing, and selecting a course of a next operation based on the detected turbidity of the wash water.

Abstract: Provided is a particle monitoring system capable of detecting a level of polymer particle contamination on inner walls of a process chamber. Also disclosed is a method of monitoring the level of polymer particle contamination on inner walls of a process chamber.

Abstract: An endpoint detecting device used during a semiconductor manufacturing process to manufacture semiconductor devices. The endpoint detecting device is constructed such that a filter has a polyhedral shape or a semi-spherical shape.

Abstract: Provided is a particle monitoring system capable of detecting a level of polymer particle contamination on inner walls of a process chamber. Also disclosed is a method of monitoring the level of polymer particle contamination on inner walls of a process chamber.

Abstract: A vacuum/purge operation of a loadlock chamber prevents an eddy phenomenon from occurring in the chamber and thereby prevents wafers from being polluted and damaged by particles in the chamber. A vacuum pump for providing the loadlock chamber with vacuum pressure, and a gas supply for providing the chamber with purge gas are connected to the loadlock chamber by an exhaust line and a gas supply line, respectively. At least one control valve is installed in each of the lines. At the time the state of pressure in the loadlock chamber is to be changed, the loadlock chamber is provided with both the vacuum pressure and the purge gas at rates that are inter-dependent to establish a flow of gases towards and into the exhaust line. Then, the supplying of one of the vacuum pressure and the purge gas is gradually reduced and cut off.

Abstract: A vacuum/purge operation of a loadlock chamber prevents an eddy phenomenon from occurring in the chamber and thereby prevents wafers from being polluted and damaged by particles in the chamber. A vacuum pump for providing the loadlock chamber with vacuum pressure, and a gas supply for providing the chamber with purge gas are connected to the loadlock chamber by an exhaust line and a gas supply line, respectively. At least one control valve is installed in each of the lines. At the time the state of pressure in the loadlock chamber is to be changed, the loadlock chamber is provided with both the vacuum pressure and the purge gas at rates that are inter-dependent to establish a flow of gases towards and into the exhaust line. Then, the supplying of one of the vacuum pressure and the purge gas is gradually reduced and cut off.

Abstract: There is provided a device for automatically the output of a pump laser diode used as an excitation light source in an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The automatic power controlling device can stabilize an optical signal output via a final output terminal in an optical fiber amplifier by selecting a first feedback control loop using an output photodiode or a second feedback control loop using a photodiode provided in a pump laser diode, and controlling an optical excitation signal output from the pump laser diode on the basis of the intensity of an output optical signal detected through the selected feedback control loop in an analog or digital double automatic controlling method.