Abstract: Disclosed are a substrate treating apparatus and a substrate treating method. The substrate treating method includes removing a portion of the thin film by irradiating a laser to the substrate, and after the removing of the portion of the thin film, removing the remaining portion of the thin film by supplying a chemical to the substrate.

Abstract: A fireproof board and a method of manufacturing the fireproof board are provided. The fireproof board may include a first aggregate using a shell containing lime, a second aggregate containing silicon, and a binder to bind the first aggregate and the second aggregate. The fireproof board may further include an admixture to mix the first aggregate and the second aggregate. The admixture may be a water-reducing agent, and polycarboxylate may be used as an admixture.

Abstract: A method of performing an uncontrolled handover data integrity of a target Base Station (BS) is provided. The method includes receiving an initial access request message from a Mobile Station (MS) by the target BS, performing a negotiation for establishing a handover data integrity path with a serving BS through a serving Access Service Network-Gateway (ASN-GW) by the target BS, and generating a main data path and a first handover data integrity path with the serving ASN-GW according to a result of the negotiation by the target BS.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a glass plate detachably mounted to facilitate after-sales service (A/S) for repair or replacement of the glass plate and reduce A/S time is provided. The display apparatus includes a display which displays an image; a glass detachably mounted on the front surface of the display; and a pivotable holder provided at the glass to detachably mount the glass to the display.

Abstract: A multi-channel audio signal converting device using a time-varying digital filter, an electronic system including the same, and a method of converting an audio signal using the time-varying digital filter are provided. The multi-channel audio signal converting device includes a first signal channel and a second signal channel configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion or digital-to-analog conversion using a first clock signal; and a first time-varying filter configured to synchronize a digital audio signal synchronized with a second clock signal different from the first clock signal with the first clock signal and to input the digital audio signal to the second signal channel when digital-to-analog conversion is performed or to synchronize an output signal of the second signal channel with the second clock signal when analog-to-digital conversion is performed.

Abstract: The inventive concepts provide an apparatus for treating a substrate. The apparatus includes a housing having a treatment space therein, a support unit supporting the substrate in the treatment space, a nozzle unit discharging a solution onto the substrate supported by the support unit, and a solution supply unit supplying the solution to the nozzle unit. The solution supply unit includes a solution supply line connected to the nozzle unit, a heating member installed on the solution supply line to heat the solution, and a recovery line diverging from the solution supply line at a first point disposed downstream from the heating member.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating Quality of Service (QoS) during a handover of a Mobile Station (MS) by a serving Base Station (BS) and a target BS in a wireless broadband access system are provided. The method includes generating a message during a handover from the serving BS to a target BS, the message including at least one of a data transmission/reception time just before the handover, a size of a time window for which a data transmission/reception history is recorded in an accumulated way, and an amount of data transmitted/received during the time window, and transmitting the message to the target BS. The target BS can more accurately find a handover break time and the amount of data transmission/reception in the serving BS at the time the MS has been handed over to the target BS, enabling fast and adequate QoS compensation/correction for each QoS class, and thus facilitating flexible, efficient and accurate QoS provisioning regardless of controlled handover and uncontrolled handover.

Abstract: An audio amplifier includes a compensation unit, an output unit and a calibration unit. The compensation unit generates a compensation signal based on a digital input signal, a digital reference code, a mode signal and a digital approximation code. The output unit generates an output signal based on the compensated input signal. The calibration unit generates the digital approximation code based on the output signal and the mode signal. The digital approximation code includes a plurality of bits that are generated sequentially.

Abstract: An audio amplifier includes a compensation unit, an output unit and a calibration unit. The compensation unit generates a compensation signal based on a digital input signal, a digital reference code, a mode signal and a digital approximation code. The output unit generates an output signal based on the compensated input signal. The calibration unit generates the digital approximation code based on the output signal and the mode signal. The digital approximation code includes a plurality of bits that are generated sequentially.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate processing apparatus. The apparatus includes a processing chamber containing a substrate and processing the substrate by using a processing solution and a supplying unit supplying the processing solution to the processing chamber. The supplying unit includes a supply line through which the processing solution is supplied, a preliminary heater installed on the supply line and preliminary heating the processing solution, a main heater installed on the supply line at a lower stream of the preliminary heater and secondarily heating the processing solution, a first detour line connected to the supply line to detour to the preliminary heater and comprising a first valve, a second detour line connected to the supply line to detour the preliminary heater and the main heater or the main heater and comprising a second valve, and a controller controlling the first valve and the second valve.

Abstract: A multi-channel audio signal converting device using a time-varying digital filter, an electronic system including the same, and a method of converting an audio signal using the time-varying digital filter are provided. The multi-channel audio signal converting device includes a first signal channel and a second signal channel configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion or digital-to-analog conversion using a first clock signal; and a first time-varying filter configured to synchronize a digital audio signal synchronized with a second clock signal different from the first clock signal with the first clock signal and to input the digital audio signal to the second signal channel when digital-to-analog conversion is performed or to synchronize an output signal of the second signal channel with the second clock signal when analog-to-digital conversion is performed.

Abstract: A method of performing an uncontrolled handover data integrity of a target Base Station (BS) is provided. The method includes receiving an initial access request message from a Mobile Station (MS) by the target BS, performing a negotiation for establishing a handover data integrity path with a serving BS through a serving Access Service Network-Gateway (ASN-GW) by the target BS, and generating a main data path and a first handover data integrity path with the serving ASN-GW according to a result of the negotiation by the target BS.

Abstract: A substrate chucking member includes a substrate supporting member and a rotation adjustment unit. The supporting member includes a rotatable supporting plate to load a substrate, and chucking pins disposed at the supporting plate for spacing the substrate off the top of the supporting plate by supporting the edge of the substrate from a side of the substrate. Each of the chucking pins is rotatable for rotating the substrate supported on the chucking pins. The rotation adjustment unit is disposed under the supporting plate for adjusting rotation of the chucking pins. During a process, since a substrate is rotated by the chucking pins to vary points of the substrate making contact with the chucking pins, positions of the substrate where a process liquid falls after colliding with the chucking pins can be continuously varied. Therefore, the substrate can be processed without defects at an end part of the substrate.

Abstract: A half-bridge three-level pulse width modulation (PWM) amplifier includes a prescaling unit, a PWM generator configured to convert the input signal to a three-level PWM signal having a first level, a second level and a reference level and an output stage. The prescaling unit scales an input signal according to at least one gain value to provide a scaled signal. The PWM generator varies the width of pulses having the first level and varies the width of pulses having a second level based on the scaled signal. The output stage drives an output node to a level of a first power supply voltage, a second power supply voltage or a third power supply voltage based on the three-level PWM signal. The output node is connected to a load. The magnitude of the at least one gain value compensates for variations of power supply voltages.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lifting device for a display apparatus that may include a tilting unit to allow a user to easily adjust a viewing angle of the display apparatus. The lifting device may include a wire connected to the display apparatus, and at least one tilting unit to adjust a viewing angle of the display apparatus. The tilting unit may include a rotatable arm to adjust a distance between a wall and the display apparatus, and a rotation obstructer to provide the arm, which may be supported on both the wall and the display apparatus, with a force counter to a force applied by the display apparatus to the wall when no external force is applied.

Abstract: An optical disc drive includes a traverse deck having left and right sides to be balanced. The optical disc drive includes a main deck, a tray, a turntable, an optical pickup, a traverse deck, and a balancer. The optical pickup is mounted movably in the back-and-forth direction to emit light to an optical disc placed on the turntable to read and write information from and to the optical disc. On the traverse deck, the turntable is mounted at the front side of the traverse deck and the optical pickup is mounted movably in the back-and-forth direction. The balancer is mounted on the traverse deck to balance the weights of the left and right sides of the traverse deck.

Abstract: A method and system process a signal for PWM modulation. An amplitude control signal adjusts the amplitude of an input signal, and an offset is added to the amplitude-adjusted signal to produce an offset-adjusted signal. The offset is selected according to the amplitude adjustment applied to the input signal. The offset-adjusted signal is pulse-width modulated the to produce a pulse-width modulated signal, and the pulse-width modulated signal is filtered to reduce high frequency components thereof.

Abstract: A three-level half-bridge PWM amplifier includes a PWM generator and an output stage. The PWM generator changes a width of a pulse at a first level or a second level according to amplitude of an input signal and outputs a three-level PWM output signal having the first level, the second level, and a reference level. The output stage drives an output node connected to a terminal of a load to a first power supply voltage, a second power supply voltage, or a third power supply voltage based on the three-level PWM output signal. Accordingly, unnecessary static current consumption is reduced, thereby increasing efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating Quality of Service (QoS) during a handover of a Mobile Station (MS) by a serving Base Station (BS) and a target BS in a wireless broadband access system are provided. The method includes generating a message during a handover from the serving BS to a target BS, the message including at least one of a data transmission/reception time just before the handover, a size of a time window for which a data transmission/reception history is recorded in an accumulated way, and an amount of data transmitted/received during the time window, and transmitting the message to the target BS. The target BS can more accurately find a handover break time and the amount of data transmission/reception in the serving BS at the time the MS has been handed over to the target BS, enabling fast and adequate QoS compensation/correction for each QoS class, and thus facilitating flexible, efficient and accurate QoS provisioning regardless of controlled handover and uncontrolled handover.

Abstract: An audio amplifier includes a compensation unit, an output unit and a calibration unit. The compensation unit generates a compensation signal based on a digital input signal, a digital reference code, a mode signal and a digital approximation code. The output unit generates an output signal based on the compensated input signal. The calibration unit generates the digital approximation code based on the output signal and the mode signal. The digital approximation code includes a plurality of bits that are generated sequentially.