Abstract: The present invention provides a direct-drive electric machine such as a generator and a motor comprising a rotor or a mover and a stator. The direct-drive electric machine is configured with a plural-module combination structure in which the rotor or the mover and the stator are mutually combined such that a plurality of modules form one phase, respectively.

Abstract: A fluid simulation method and apparatus is provided. The fluid simulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises setting initial conditions of level set and velocity field for a simulation object and setting FLIP particles according to the set initial condition of the level set and the set initial condition of the velocity field; updating the level set and the velocity field by advection of the level set and the velocity field; reconstructing the updated level set and the updated velocity field; redeploying the FLIP particles for the simulation object; projecting the updated velocity field to have incompressibility; and updating velocity of each of the deployed particles.

Abstract: A fluid simulation method and apparatus is provided. The fluid simulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises setting initial conditions of level set and velocity field for a simulation object and setting FLIP particles according to the set initial condition of the level set and the set initial condition of the velocity field; updating the level set and the velocity field by advection of the level set and the velocity field; reconstructing the updated level set and the updated velocity field; redeploying the FLIP particles for the simulation object; projecting the updated velocity field to have incompressibility; and updating velocity of each of the deployed particles.

Abstract: Provided are a MIT device self-heating preventive-circuit that can solve a self-heating problem of a MIT device and a method of manufacturing a MIT device self-heating preventive-circuit integrated device. The MIT device self-heating preventive-circuit includes a MIT device that generates an abrupt MIT at a temperature equal to or greater than a critical temperature and is connected to a current driving device to control the flow of current in the current driving device, a transistor that is connected to the MIT device to control the self-heating of the MIT device after generating the MIT in the MIT device, and a resistor connected to the MIT device and the transistor.

Abstract: Provided are a method and circuit for controlling heat generation of a power transistor, in which the power transistor can be protected by preventing heat generation of the power transistor by using a metal-insulator transition (MIT) device that can function as a fuse and can be semi-permanently used.

Abstract: Provided are a 3-terminal MIT switch which can easily control a discontinuous MIT jump and does not need a conventional gate insulating layer, a switching system including the 3-terminal MIT switch, and a method of controlling an MIT of the 3-terminal MIT switch. The 3-terminal MIT switch includes a 2-terminal MIT device, which generates discontinuous MIT in a transition voltage, an inlet electrode and an outlet electrode, which are respectively connected to each terminal of the 2-terminal MIT device, and a control electrode, which is connected to the inlet electrode and includes an external terminal separated from an external terminal of the inlet electrode, wherein an MIT of the 2-terminal MIT device is controlled according to a voltage or a current applied to the control electrode. The switching system includes the 3-terminal MIT switch, a voltage source connected to the inlet electrode, and a control source connected to the control electrode.

Abstract: Provided are a variable field effect transistor (FET) designed to suppress a reduction of current between a source and a drain due to heat while decreasing a temperature of the FET, and an electrical and electronic apparatus including the variable gate FET. The variable gate FET includes a FET and a gate control device that is attached to a surface or a heat-generating portion of the FET and is connected to a gate terminal of the FET so as to vary a voltage of the gate terminal. A channel current between the source and drain is controlled by the gate control device that varies the voltage of the gate terminal when the temperature of the FET increases above a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: Provided are a germanium (Ge) based metal-insulator transition (MIT) thin film which is formed of a Ge single-element material instead of a compound material of two or more elements and by which material growth may be easily performed and a problem of a second phase characteristic in accordance with a structural defect and an included impurity may be solved, an MIT device including the MIT thin film, and a method of fabricating the MIT device. The MIT device includes a substrate; a germanium (Ge) based MIT thin film which is formed of a Ge single-element material on the substrate and in which a discontinuous MIT occurs at a predetermined transition voltage; and at least two thin film electrodes contacting the Ge based MIT thin film, wherein the discontinuous MIT occurs in the Ge based MIT thin film due to a voltage or a current which is applied through the thin film electrodes.

Abstract: Provided are an abrupt MIT device with variable MIT temperature or voltage, an MIT sensor using the abrupt MIT device, and an alarm apparatus and a secondary battery anti-explosion circuit including the MIT sensor. The MIT device includes an abrupt MIT layer undergoing an abrupt MIT at a transition temperature or a transition voltage and at least two electrode layers contacting the abrupt MIT layer. The transition temperature or the transition voltage varies with at least one of factors including a voltage applied to the electrode layers, a temperature, an electromagnetic wave, a pressure, and a gas concentration that affect the abrupt MIT layer. The MIT sensor is a temperature sensor, an infrared sensor, an image sensor, a pressure sensor, a gas-concentration sensor, or a switch. The alarm apparatus includes the MIT sensor and an alarm-signaling unit connected in series with the MIT sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a direct-drive electric machine such as a generator and a motor comprising a rotor or a mover and a stator. The direct-drive electric machine is configured with a plural-module combination structure in which the rotor or the mover and the stator are mutually combined such that a plurality of modules form one phase, respectively.

Abstract: Provided are a circuit for continuously measuring a discontinuous metal-insulator transition (MIT) of an MIT element and an MIT sensor using the circuit. The circuit comprises a to-be-measured object unit including the MIT element having a discontinuous MIT occurring at the transition voltage thereof, a power supply unit applying a predetermined pulse current or voltage signal to the to-be-measured object unit, a measurement unit measuring the discontinuous MIT of the MIT element, and a microprocessor controlling the power supply unit and the measurement unit. The discontinuous MIT measurement circuit continuously measures the discontinuous MIT of the MIT element, and thus it can be used as a sensor for sensing a variation in an external factor.

Abstract: Provided are a variable field effect transistor (FET) designed to suppress a reduction of current between a source and a drain due to heat while decreasing a temperature of the FET, and an electrical and electronic apparatus including the variable gate FET. The variable gate FET includes a FET and a gate control device that is attached to a surface or a heat-generating portion of the FET and is connected to a gate terminal of the FET so as to vary a voltage of the gate terminal. A channel current between the source and drain is controlled by the gate control device that varies the voltage of the gate terminal when the temperature of the FET increases above a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: Provided are an MIT device-based oscillation circuit including a power source, an MIT device and a variable resistor, in which a generation of an oscillation and an oscillation frequency are determined according to a voltage applied from the power source and a resistance of the variable resistor, and a method of adjusting the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit. The MIT device includes an MIT thin film and an electrode thin film connected to the MIT thin film, and generates a discontinuous MIT at an MIT generation voltage, the variable resistor is connected in series to the MIT device, and the power source applies a voltage or an electric current to the MIT device. The generation of an oscillation and an oscillation frequency are determined according to the voltage applied from the power source and the resistance of the variable resistor.

Abstract: Provided are a germanium (Ge) based metal-insulator transition (MIT) thin film which is formed of a Ge single-element material instead of a compound material of two or more elements and by which material growth may be easily performed and a problem of a second phase characteristic in accordance with a structural defect and an included impurity may be solved, an MIT device including the MIT thin film, and a method of fabricating the MIT device. The MIT device includes a substrate; a germanium (Ge) based MIT thin film which is formed of a Ge single-element material on the substrate and in which a discontinuous MIT occurs at a predetermined transition voltage; and at least two thin film electrodes contacting the Ge based MIT thin film, wherein the discontinuous MIT occurs in the Ge based MIT thin film due to a voltage or a current which is applied through the thin film electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium secondary battery including a discharge unit capable of delaying or preventing a battery explosion. The lithium secondary battery includes a discharge unit disposed parallel to a battery body. The discharge unit includes a first electrode connected to a positive electrode of the battery body, a second electrode connected to a negative electrode of the battery body, and a discharge material film, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, inducing a abrupt discharge above a predetermined temperature. The discharge material film, e.g., a abrupt metal-insulator transition (MIT) material film can induce a abrupt discharge, thereby preventing or delaying a battery explosion.

Abstract: An abrupt MIT (metal-insulator transition) device with parallel MIT material layers is provided. The abrupt MIT device includes a first electrode disposed on a certain region of a substrate, a second electrode disposed so as to be spaced a predetermined distance apart from the first electrode, and at least one MIT material layer electrically connecting the first electrode with the second electrode and having a width that allows the entire region of the MIT material layer to be transformed into a metal layer due to an MIT. Due to this configuration, deterioration of the MIT material layer, which is typically caused by current flowing through the MIT material layer, is less likely to occur.

Abstract: Provided are a temperature sensor using a metal-insulator transition (MIT) device subject to abrupt MIT at a specific temperature and an alarm including the temperature sensor. The abrupt MIT device includes an abrupt MIT thin film and at least two electrode thin films that contacts the abrupt MIT thin film. The abrupt MIT device generates abrupt metal-insulator transition at a specific transition temperature. The alarm includes a temperature sensor comprising an abrupt MIT device, and an alarm signaling device serially connected to the temperature sensor. Accordingly, the alarm can be manufactured to have a simple circuit and be of a small size by including the temperature sensor using an abrupt MIT device.

Abstract: A power device package controls heat generation of a power device using a semi-permanent metal-insulator transition (MIT) device instead of a fuse, and emits heat generated by the power device through a small-sized heat sink provided only in one region on the power device, thereby ensuring excellent dissipation of heat. Therefore, the power device package can be usefully applied to any electric/electronic circuit that uses a power device.

Abstract: Provided are a low-voltage noise preventing circuit using an abrupt metal-insulator transition (MIT) device which can effectively remove a noise signal with a voltage less than a rated signal voltage. The abrupt MIT device is serially connected to the electrical and/or electronic system to be protected from the noise signal, and is subject to abrupt MIT at a predetermined voltage. Accordingly, low-voltage noise can be effectively removed.

Abstract: Provided are a MIT device self-heating preventive-circuit that can solve a self-heating problem of a MIT device and a method of manufacturing a MIT device self-heating preventive-circuit integrated device. The MIT device self-heating preventive-circuit includes a MIT device that generates an abrupt MIT at a temperature equal to or greater than a critical temperature and is connected to a current driving device to control the flow of current in the current driving device, a transistor that is connected to the MIT device to control the self-heating of the MIT device after generating the MIT in the MIT device, and a resistor connected to the MIT device and the transistor.