Abstract: A memory system includes a flash memory storing multi-bit data in one memory cell. A memory controller controls the flash memory to program the multi-bit data in the memory cell. The flash memory programs the multi-bit data in the memory cell in a single program operation.

Abstract: Provided are a memory system and a program method. The memory system includes a flash memory and a memory controller. The flash memory stores first bit data and then stores second bit data in a multi-level memory cell. The memory controller includes a buffer memory temporarily storing the first bit data and the second bit data, and a backup memory storing the first bit data while the flash memory is storing the second bit data. The backup memory re-programs the first bit data to the flash memory upon detecting a program failure associated with the storing the second bit data.

Abstract: A memory system includes a host, a flash memory that is configured to store multi-bit data in one memory cell, and a memory controller that is configured to control programming of multi-bit data provided by the host into the flash memory. When an nth bit is normally programmed, and a fail occurs in programming an n+1th bit in the flash memory, a memory block of the flash memory including a fail cell is operated in an operation mode of the nth or lesser bit. Related memory systems and methods are also provided.

Abstract: A memory card can include a memory that is configured to store data and a memory controller that is configured to store host identification information and a password. The memory controller can be configured to control read/write access to the memory, where the memory controller can allow a host read and/or write access to the memory upon determining that the host identification information stored by the memory controller corresponds to the host.

Abstract: A memory system includes a flash memory storing multi-bit data in one memory cell. A memory controller controls the flash memory to program the multi-bit data in the memory cell. The flash memory programs the multi-bit data in the memory cell in a single program operation.

Abstract: A memory system includes a host, a flash memory that is configured to store multi-bit data in one memory cell, and a memory controller that is configured to control programming of multi-bit data provided by the host into the flash memory. When an nth bit is normally programmed, and a fail occurs in programming an n+1th bit in the flash memory, a memory block of the flash memory including a fail cell is operated in an operation mode of the nth or lesser bit. Related memory systems and methods are also provided.

Abstract: A memory device includes a flash memory, a memory controller, and an MLC mode selector. The flash memory includes at least one memory cell configured to store multi-bit data therein. The MLC mode selector is configured to generate a mode selection signal indicating whether to store single-bit data or multi-bit data in the memory cell responsive to a user selection. The memory controller is configured to operate the flash memory in a single-level cell (SLC) program mode to store the single-bit data or a multi-level cell (MLC) program mode to store the multi-bit data based on the mode selection signal from the MLC mode selector. The memory device may be configured to store program mode information for the memory cell indicating whether the single-bit data or the multi-bit data is stored therein. Related systems and methods of operation are also discussed.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a memory system including a flash memory including a plurality of memory cells and a memory controller configured to receive data information from a host and to selectively store data in the flash memory in single-bit and multi-bit storage modes responsive to the data information. The memory controller may be configured to store respective pages in respective ones of the single-bit and multi-bit modes.

Abstract: Provided are a memory system and a program method. The memory system includes a flash memory and a memory controller. The flash memory stores first bit data and then stores second bit data in a multi-level memory cell. The memory controller includes a buffer memory temporarily storing the first bit data and the second bit data, and a backup memory storing the first bit data while the flash memory is storing the second bit data. The backup memory re-programs the first bit data to the flash memory upon detecting a program failure associated with the storing the second bit data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a light source for use with an optical disc, the light source being driven with a write signal including a multi-pulse train, includes detecting an output of the light source and for outputting a monitored voltage and a compensator for compensating a multi-pulse voltage corresponding to the multi-pulse train in accordance with the monitored voltage. The compensation may adjust the multi-pulse train in accordance with a comparison of a reference voltage and the monitored voltage, a number of times the monitored voltage crosses the reference voltage or a relationship between a stable portion of the writing signal and the multi-pulse train determined during initialization.

Abstract: Device and method for automatic transfer of a car in a parking system, the device including a main frame for moving between platforms each for placing a car thereon, a first elevating part fitted to the main frame for lifting some of wheels of the car to a preset height from the platform, including at least one first leg fitted to be movable to an outside of the main frame for supporting the wheels, and a first supplementary frame for moving up together with the first leg, and a second elevating part fitted to the main frame for lifting rest of the wheels of the car to a preset height from the platform, including at least one second leg fitted to be movable to an outside of the main frame for supporting the wheels, and a second supplementary frame for moving up together with the second leg, thereby transferring the car lifted by the first and second elevating parts to another platform the main frame desires, and permitting fast loading/unloading of the car.

Abstract: Device and method for automatic transfer of a car in a parking system, the device including a main frame for moving between platforms each for placing a car to be parked thereon, and an elevating part fitted to the main frame for lifting the car on the platform to a preset height, inclusive of at least one or more than one leg fitted to be movable to an outside of the main frame for supporting wheels of the car, and a supplementary frame for moving up together with the legs, thereby transferring the car lifted by the elevating part to an other platform the main frame desires, and permitting fast loading/unloading of the car.