Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device comprising an active region on a substrate and including first and second sidewalls extending in a first direction and an epitaxial pattern on the active region, wherein the epitaxial pattern includes first and second epitaxial sidewalls extending from the first and second sidewalls, respectively, the first epitaxial sidewall includes a first epitaxial lower sidewall, a first epitaxial upper sidewall, and a first epitaxial connecting sidewall connecting the first epitaxial lower sidewall and the first epitaxial upper sidewall, the second epitaxial sidewall includes a second epitaxial lower sidewall, a second epitaxial upper sidewall, and a second epitaxial connecting sidewall connecting the second epitaxial lower sidewall and the second epitaxial upper sidewall, a distance between the first and second epitaxial upper sidewalls decreases away from the active region, and the first and second epitaxial lower sidewalls extend in parallel to a top surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a JAK3 gene-mutated severe combined immunodeficiency animal model and a method of constructing the same. In the JAK3 gene-mutated severe combined immunodeficiency animal model of the present disclosure, the JAK3 gene is specifically deficient, the expression of cytokines is regulated by controlling the number and activity of macrophages, and the thymus, lymphocytes, and Peyer's patches, which are observed in conventional severe combined immunodeficiency animal models, particularly mini-pigs, are completely lacking. In addition, the animal model of the present disclosure can be used as a treatment model for JAK3 SCID patients, as similar phenotypes are observed in patients with human severe combined immunodeficiency caused by a JAK3 gene mutation, and can be used for artificial blood development or xenotransplantation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dwarfism animal model carrying an IGF-1 gene mutation and a method for generating the same. According to the present disclosure, the problem that an animal dies immediately after birth is overcome, the majority of phenotypes seen in Laron syndrome patients may be observed in the dwarfism animal model, and the dwarfism animal model has decreased expression of personality genes. Thus, the dwarfism animal model may be effectively used as a dwarfism-related disease model.