Abstract: Provided are an encoding method and apparatus, and a decoding method and apparatus for adaptively selecting a context model used to entropy-encode and entropy-decode a syntax element, based on various shapes of coding units. The image decoding method includes: determining a context model based on block shape information including at least one of a shape, direction, width, ratio of width and height, or size of a coding unit; obtaining, from a bitstream based on the context model, information about a split shape mode for splitting the coding unit; and determining a split shape mode of the coding unit, based on the information about the split shape mode.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding or decoding a coding unit on an outline of a picture. An image decoding method and apparatus according to an embodiment determine whether a current coding unit extends across an outline of a picture, by comparing a location of the current coding unit in the picture to at least one of a width and a height of the picture, split the current coding unit in at least one direction into a plurality of coding units based on a shape of the current coding unit upon determining that the current coding unit extends across the outline of the picture, obtain block shape information and split type information of the current coding unit from a bitstream and split the current coding unit into a plurality of coding units based on the block shape information and the split type information upon determining that the current coding unit does not extend across the outline of the picture, and decode a coding unit that is no longer split among the plurality of coding units.

Abstract: Provided is an image decoding method including: generating an intra prediction value of a current sample based on a position of the current sample in a current block and an intra prediction mode of the current block; determining a sample value of at least one filtering reference sample to be filtered and a first weight with respect to the filtering reference sample and a second weight with respect to the intra prediction value of the current sample; generating a filtered prediction sample value of the current sample based on the determined sample value of the filtering reference sample to be filtered, the intra prediction value of the current sample, the first weight with respect to the filtering reference sample, and the second weight with respect to the intra prediction value of the current sample; and generating a prediction block of the current block including the filtered prediction sample value.

Abstract: Provided is an image decoding method including: generating an intra prediction value of a current sample based on a position of the current sample in a current block and an intra prediction mode of the current block; determining a sample value of at least one filtering reference sample to be filtered and a first weight with respect to the filtering reference sample and a second weight with respect to the intra prediction value of the current sample; generating a filtered prediction sample value of the current sample based on the determined sample value of the filtering reference sample to be filtered, the intra prediction value of the current sample, the first weight with respect to the filtering reference sample, and the second weight with respect to the intra prediction value of the current sample; and generating a prediction block of the current block including the filtered prediction sample value.

Abstract: Provided is an image decoding method including: generating an intra prediction value of a current sample based on a position of the current sample in a current block and an intra prediction mode of the current block; determining a sample value of at least one filtering reference sample to be filtered and a first weight with respect to the filtering reference sample and a second weight with respect to the intra prediction value of the current sample; generating a filtered prediction sample value of the current sample based on the determined sample value of the filtering reference sample to be filtered, the intra prediction value of the current sample, the first weight with respect to the filtering reference sample, and the second weight with respect to the intra prediction value of the current sample; and generating a prediction block of the current block including the filtered prediction sample value.

Abstract: Provided is an image decoding method including: generating an intra prediction value of a current sample based on a position of the current sample in a current block and an intra prediction mode of the current block; determining a sample value of at least one filtering reference sample to be filtered and a first weight with respect to the filtering reference sample and a second weight with respect to the intra prediction value of the current sample; generating a filtered prediction sample value of the current sample based on the determined sample value of the filtering reference sample to be filtered, the intra prediction value of the current sample, the first weight with respect to the filtering reference sample, and the second weight with respect to the intra prediction value of the current sample; and generating a prediction block of the current block including the filtered prediction sample value.

Abstract: Provided is an image decoding method of decoding an image, the image decoding method including: obtaining at least one of block shape information and split shape information about a first coding unit included in the image, from a bitstream; determining at least one second coding unit included in the first coding unit based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information; and decoding the image based on the at least one second coding unit, wherein the block shape information indicates a shape of the first coding unit and the split shape information indicates whether the first coding unit is split into the at least one second coding unit. Also, provided is an image encoding method corresponding to the image decoding method. Also, provided is an image encoding apparatus and image decoding apparatus for respectively performing the image encoding method and image decoding method.

Abstract: Provided is an image decoding method of decoding an image, the image decoding method including: obtaining at least one of block shape information and split shape information about a first coding unit included in the image, from a bitstream; determining at least one second coding unit included in the first coding unit based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information; and decoding the image based on the at least one second coding unit, wherein the block shape information indicates a shape of the first coding unit and the split shape information indicates whether the first coding unit is split into the at least one second coding unit. Also, provided is an image encoding method corresponding to the image decoding method. Also, provided is an image encoding apparatus and image decoding apparatus for respectively performing the image encoding method and image decoding method.

Abstract: Provided are an encoding method and apparatus, and a decoding method and apparatus for adaptively selecting a context model used to entropy-encode and entropy-decode a syntax element, based on various shapes of coding units. The image decoding method includes: determining a context model based on block shape information including at least one of a shape, direction, width, ratio of width and height, or size of a coding unit; obtaining, from a bitstream based on the context model, information about a split shape mode for splitting the coding unit; and determining a split shape mode of the coding unit, based on the information about the split shape mode.

Abstract: Provided is an image decoding method including: generating an intra prediction value of a current sample based on a position of the current sample in a current block and an intra prediction mode of the current block; determining, based on the position of the current sample in the current block, a sample value of at least one filtering reference sample to be filtered and a first weight with respect to the filtering reference sample and a second weight with respect to the intra prediction value of the current sample; generating a filtered prediction sample value of the current sample based on the determined sample value of the filtering reference sample to be filtered, the intra prediction value of the current sample, the first weight with respect to the filtering reference sample, and the second weight with respect to the intra prediction value of the current sample; and generating a prediction block of the current block, the prediction block including the filtered prediction sample value of the current sample

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for performing intra prediction, in a video encoding and decoding procedure, by configuring an additional mode set based on most probable mode (MPM) modes of a current block, and determining an intra prediction mode of the current block, based on the MPM modes and the additional mode set. To solve the technical problems, a video decoding method provided in the present disclosure includes configuring an additional mode set based on MPM modes of a current block; determining an intra prediction mode of the current block, based on the MPM modes and the additional mode set; and performing intra prediction on the current block, based on the intra prediction mode.

Abstract: Provided are an encoding method and apparatus, and a decoding method and apparatus for adaptively selecting a context model used to entropy-encode and entropy-decode a syntax element, based on various shapes of coding units. The image decoding method includes: determining a context model based on block shape information including at least one of a shape, direction, width, ratio of width and height, or size of a coding unit; obtaining, from a bitstream based on the context model, information about a split shape mode for splitting the coding unit; and determining a split shape mode of the coding unit, based on the information about the split shape mode.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding an image, the method including: determining at least one coding unit for splitting an image, based on block shape information of a current coding unit; determining at least one transformation unit, based on a shape of the current coding unit included in the at least one coding unit; and decoding the image by performing inverse transformation based on the at least one transformation unit, wherein the block shape information indicates whether the current coding unit is a square shape or a non-square shape. Also, provided is an encoding method corresponding to the decoding method. In addition, provided is an encoding apparatus or decoding apparatus capable of performing the encoding or decoding method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a noni fruit extract containing a high iridoid content or a fraction thereof, a method of preparing a noni fruit extract containing a high content of an immune-enhancing active substance or a fraction thereof, and a use of a noni fruit extract or a fraction thereof, and more specifically, the present invention provides a method of preparing a noni fruit extract containing a high iridoid content or a fraction thereof, including preparing a noni fruit extract by using ethanol in a specific concentration range as an extraction solvent, a method of preparing a noni fruit extract containing a high content of an immune-enhancing active substance or a fraction thereof, a pharmaceutical composition for enhancing immunity including the extract or a fraction thereof, a health functional food composition including the same constitution, a method of enhancing immunity using the extract or a fraction thereof, and a use of the extract or a fraction thereof in preparati

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for performing intra prediction, in a video encoding and decoding procedure, by configuring an additional mode set based on most probable mode (MPM) modes of a current block, and determining an intra prediction mode of the current block, based on the MPM modes and the additional mode set. To solve the technical problems, a video decoding method provided in the present disclosure includes configuring an additional mode set based on MPM modes of a current block; determining an intra prediction mode of the current block, based on the MPM modes and the additional mode set; and performing intra prediction on the current block, based on the intra prediction mode.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding an image, the method including: determining at least one prediction unit included in a current frame that is one of at least one frame forming the image; determining a reference region to be referred to by a current prediction unit that is one of the at least one prediction unit; changing a sample value included in at least one of the current prediction unit and the reference region, based on an analyzing result of a sample value of the reference region; determining a sample value included in the current prediction unit, based on a result of changing the sample value; and decoding the image based on the determined sample value of the current prediction unit.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding an image, the method including: determining at least one prediction unit included in a current frame that is one of at least one frame forming the image; determining a reference region to be referred to by a current prediction unit that is one of the at least one prediction unit; changing a sample value included in at least one of the current prediction unit and the reference region, based on an analyzing result of a sample value of the reference region; determining a sample value included in the current prediction unit, based on a result of changing the sample value; and decoding the image based on the determined sample value of the current prediction unit.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding an image, the method including: determining at least one prediction unit included in a current frame that is one of at least one frame forming the image; determining a reference region to be referred to by a current prediction unit that is one of the at least one prediction unit; changing a sample value included in at least one of the current prediction unit and the reference region, based on an analyzing result of a sample value of the reference region; determining a sample value included in the current prediction unit, based on a result of changing the sample value; and decoding the image based on the determined sample value of the current prediction unit.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding or decoding a coding unit on an outline of a picture. An image decoding method and apparatus according to an embodiment determine whether a current coding unit extends across an outline of a picture, by comparing a location of the current coding unit in the picture to at least one of a width and a height of the picture, split the current coding unit in at least one direction into a plurality of coding units based on a shape of the current coding unit upon determining that the current coding unit extends across the outline of the picture, obtain block shape information and split type information of the current coding unit from a bitstream and split the current coding unit into a plurality of coding units based on the block shape information and the split type information upon determining that the current coding unit does not extend across the outline of the picture, and decode a coding unit that is no longer split among the plurality of coding units.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding an image, the method including: determining at least one prediction unit included in a current frame that is one of at least one frame forming the image; determining a reference region to be referred to by a current prediction unit that is one of the at least one prediction unit; changing a sample value included in at least one of the current prediction unit and the reference region, based on an analyzing result of a sample value of the reference region; determining a sample value included in the current prediction unit, based on a result of changing the sample value; and decoding the image based on the determined sample value of the current prediction unit.