Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a substrate including an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface; an active pattern disposed on the upper surface of the substrate and extending in a first direction; a field insulating film disposed on the upper surface of the substrate and covering a sidewall of the active pattern; a power rail disposed on the lower surface of the substrate and extending in the first direction; a trench formed in the substrate and exposing a portion of the power rail; and a metal pattern filling at least a portion of the trench and connected to the power rail, wherein a bottom surface of the trench is substantially coplanar with the lower surface of the substrate, wherein a sidewall of the trench has a convex shape, and wherein at least a portion of the field insulating film is disposed in the trench.

Abstract: A data output buffer includes a first driver configured to drive a data input/output (I/O) pad according to an input signal and allow data drivability to be controlled according to an impedance calibration code and a second driver configured to perform a de-emphasis operation on the data I/O pad and allow de-emphasis drivability to be controlled according to the impedance calibration code.

Abstract: A data output buffer includes a first driver configured to drive a data input/output (I/O) pad according to an input signal and allow data drivability to be controlled according to an impedance calibration code and a second driver configured to perform a de-emphasis operation on the data I/O pad and allow de-emphasis drivability to be controlled according to the impedance calibration code.

Abstract: Provided is a recombinant BCG employing a pMyong2 vector system to express HIV-1 p24 and a use thereof as a HIV-1 vaccine. rBCG-pMyong2-p24, which is a pMyong2 vector system, was found to induce the upregulation of HIV-1 p24 gag expression in rBCG and infected antigen-presenting cells (APC) and to induce improved p24-specific immune responses in vaccinated mice, compared to rBCG-pAL-p24 in a pAL5000 derived vector system. rBCG-pMyong2-p24 was identified to exhibit a higher p24-specific Ab production level than rSmeg-pMyong2-p24 in the same pMyong2 vector system. Therefore, the recombinant BCG employing rBCG-pMyong2-p24 to express HIV-1 p24 according to the present invention is identified to elicit enhanced immune responses to HIV-1 infection in mouse model systems and thus can be expected to be used as a prime vaccine in the heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy against HIV-1 infection.

Abstract: A data output buffer includes a first driver configured to drive a data input/output (I/O) pad according to an input signal and allow data drivability to be controlled according to an impedance calibration code and a second driver configured to perform a de-emphasis operation on the data I/O pad and allow de-emphasis drivability to be controlled according to the impedance calibration code.

Abstract: A robot control system and a method may be operated in a microservices architecture (MSA)-based control environment. The robot control system includes an application programming interface (API) gateway that connects an authentication server for authenticating a robot, a management server for managing the robot, and an operation server for operating the robot in a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) communication method and an administrator terminal that communicates with the robot through WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication).

Abstract: An on-die termination circuit may include a resistance combination circuit, a first calibration circuit, a second calibration circuit, and a termination circuit. The resistance combination circuit may have an additional resistance value for setting a combined resistance value by combining the additional resistance value with a reference resistance value, and may be configured to set the additional resistance value based on a second calibration code. The first calibration circuit may be configured to generate a first calibration code corresponding to the reference resistance value or the combined resistance value according to a calibration sequence. The second calibration circuit may be configured to generate the second calibration code corresponding to the first calibration code. The termination circuit may be coupled to an input/output pad, and may be configured to set a termination resistance value corresponding to the first and second calibration codes.

Abstract: Provided is a recombinant BCG employing a pMyong2 vector system to express HIV-1 p24 and a use thereof as a HIV-1 vaccine. rBCG-pMyong2-p24, which is a pMyong2 vector system, was found to induce the upregulation of HIV-1 p24 gag expression in rBCG and infected antigen-presenting cells (APC) and to induce improved p24-specific immune responses in vaccinated mice, compared to rBCG-pAL-p24 in a pAL5000 derived vector system. rBCG-pMyong2-p24 was identified to exhibit a higher p24-specific Ab production level than rSmeg-pMyong2-p24 in the same pMyong2 vector system. Therefore, the recombinant BCG employing rBCG-pMyong2-p24 to express HIV-1 p24 according to the present invention is identified to elicit enhanced immune responses to HIV-1 infection in mouse model systems and thus can be expected to be used as a prime vaccine in the heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy against HIV-1 infection.

Abstract: A printed circuit board assembly is provided. A printed circuit board assembly includes a printed circuit board; an electronic component mounted on the printed circuit board; a heat radiating member which contacts the electronic component and is configured to receive and conduct heat generated by the electronic component; and at least one connection part connecting the printed circuit board and the heat radiating member to each other and configured to transfer the heat conducted through the heat radiating member to the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A communication device and a communication method are provided. The communication device is configured to search for an external device that may be connected to the communication device before the communication device is connected to the external device and transmits and receives data.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing a shadow mask, wherein hybrid processing is used to form a mask pattern on the shadow mask, the method includes: forming a laser-processed pattern by irradiating a laser beam from above a base; and forming a wet-etched pattern that continues from the laser-processing pattern, by performing wet etching from above the base or from below the base on which the laser-processed pattern is formed. The present invention uses hybrid processing including wet etching and laser processing for manufacturing a shadow mask. The method has an effect on solving the productivity degradation of the conventional laser processing and provides a shadow mask with high quality using wet etching.

Abstract: A sampling circuit may include a first timing determination circuit, a second timing determination circuit, and a sampling data output circuit. The first timing determination circuit may determine a first timing of sampling data in response to a first sampling timing signal. The second timing determination circuit may determine a second timing of the sampling data in response to a second sampling timing signal. The sampling data output circuit may output the sampling data having effective data values of the data between the first timing and the second timing in response to outputs from the first and second timing determination circuits.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the disclosure, a first payment server may include a communication module, and a processor to receive a card registration request including account information from a first electronic device, to request a second payment server to provide card information on a card, which is registered by a second electronic device, in association with the account information, to receive the card information from the second payment server, and to transmit, to a financial company server, the card registration request of the first electronic device based on the received card information.

Abstract: The feedback system includes an input signal generation circuit configured to output an input signal having a level corresponding to a code signal inputted thereto and a lock signal generation circuit configured to output the code signal for controlling a level of the input signal using two reference signals, to generate count data acquired by counting time from when the level of the input signal reaches between levels of the two reference signals to when the level of the input signal becomes higher or lower than the level of any one of the two reference signals, and to output a lock signal for fixing the level of the input signal after time corresponding to a rounded value of a quotient of the count data divided by 2.

Abstract: A sampling circuit may include a first timing determination circuit, a second timing determination circuit, and a sampling data output circuit. The first timing determination circuit may determine a first timing of sampling data in response to a first sampling timing signal. The second timing determination circuit may determine a second timing of the sampling data in response to a second sampling timing signal. The sampling data output circuit may output the sampling data having effective data values of the data between the first timing and the second timing in response to outputs from the first and second timing determination circuits.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing a shadow mask, wherein hybrid processing is used to form a mask pattern on the shadow mask, the method includes: forming a wet-etched pattern by performing wet etching from above a base; and forming a laser-processed pattern that continues from the wet-etched pattern, by performing laser processing from above the base or from below the base on which the wet-etched pattern is formed. The present invention uses hybrid processing including wet etching and laser processing for manufacturing a shadow mask. The method has an effect on solving the productivity degradation of the conventional laser processing and provides a shadow mask with high quality using wet etching.

Abstract: Provided is a method for generating a foreground in a foreground generating apparatus, the method including: extracting a plurality of foregrounds by applying a plurality of background models to an image, the plurality of background models having different ranges of a pixel variance value; generating an intersection foreground based on an intersection region among the extracted plurality of foregrounds; generating a union foreground based on a union region among the extracted plurality of foregrounds; and generating a final foreground based on the intersection foreground and the union foreground.

Abstract: Described is a smart lighting method and device. A smart lighting control method comprises the steps of: operating a smart bulb, which includes a control unit for controlling at least one lighting attribute among attributes of saturation, brightness, and color-temperature, and an LED lamp operated by the control unit; acquiring a current attribute of the LED lamp by using a smartwatch communicatably connected with the control unit; selecting an attribute to be controlled, through an interface panel of the smartwatch; obtaining a control attribute value for adjusting the lighting attribute, by using a rotation interface of the smartwatch; and transmitting the control attribute value from the smartwatch to the smart bulb and adjusting a lighting attribute of the smart bulb by using the transmitted control attribute value.