Abstract: This invention relates to drug conjugates useful for localized treatment of diseases or disorders of the middle ear and/or inner ear. Methods of treating diseases or disorders of the middle ear and/or inner ear, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the conjugates, and methods of inhibiting a Tropomyosin receptor kinase are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to drug conjugates useful for localized treatment of diseases or disorders of the middle ear and/or inner ear. Methods of treating diseases or disorders of the middle ear and/or inner ear, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the conjugates, and methods of inhibiting a Tropomyosin receptor kinase are also provided.

Abstract: In certain embodiments osteoadsorptive fluorogenic substrates of cathepsin K (or other proteases) are provided. Utilizing a bisphosphonate targeting moiety, the fluorogenic substrates provide effective bone-targeted protease sensor(s). In certain embodiments the “probes” comprise cleavable fluorophore-quencher pair linked by a cathepsin K (or other protease) peptide substrate and tethered to a bisphosphonate. Unlike existing probes that are cleared within a few days in vivo, the probes described herein (e.g., OFS-1) allow for monitoring resorption over the course of longer time periods with a single dose.

Abstract: The invention provides antifungal compounds, antifungal compositions, and intermediates for the preparation of antifungal compounds and antifungal compositions. The invention also provides methods of inhibiting fungi and methods of treating fungal infections, for example, with a compound or composition described herein. The antifungal compositions can include antifungal adjuvants such as essential oils or essential oil extracts, which adjuvants further improve the antifungal activity of the compositions.

Abstract: Antiviral compounds comprising prodrugs with differing side chains derived from a tyrosine substance in the form of a tyrosine amide in which the amide substituent side chain is an alkyl ether, thioether, or alkene. Embodiments of the compounds have a range of effective lipophilicity values allowing variation in aqueous solubility, oral bioavailability, cell permeability and in vivo activation properties. The embodiments have promoieties derived from a single amino acid, which are expected to have low toxicity. The features described above also make possible a novel “precision medicine” approach to treatment of viral infections, whereby the prodrug variations can be exploited to match optimal activation of the prodrug to a given patient or strain of virus.

Abstract: In certain embodiments osteoadsorptive fluorogenic substrates of cathepsin K (or other proteases) are provided. Utilizing a bisphosphonate targeting moiety, the fluorogenic substrates provide effective bone-targeted protease sensor(s). In certain embodiments the “probes” comprise cleavable fluorophore-quencher pair linked by a cathepsin K (or other protease) peptide substrate and tethered to a bisphosphonate. Unlike existing probes that are cleared within a few days in vivo, the probes described herein (e.g., OFS-1) allow for monitoring resorption over the course of longer time periods with a single dose.

Abstract: A novel method for rapidly and efficiently introducing fluorine into the P-C-P backbone of bisphosphonates starting from readily accessible diazomethylenebisphosphonate esters is provided. The method is applied successfully to create novel [18F]-labeled bisphosphonates for positron emission tomography imaging. Some versions of the method include reacting a diazomethylenebisphosphonate tetraalkyl ester with a fluorinating agent in the presence of an acidic HF/base complex and a t-butyl hypohalite to produce a halofluoromethylenebisphosphonate tetraalkyl ester, and dealkylating the halofluoromethylenebisphosphonate alkyl ester to produce a halofluoromethylenebis(phosphonic acid). Methods of replacing the halogen group with hydrogen are further provided. 18F-labeled bisphosphonates prepared by the methods, and methods of using such compounds for positron emission tomography imaging in patients and animal models, are also provided.

Abstract: An antiviral compound of the following formula (I) is provided or a salt or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where B is a naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring base; R1 is a C2-C14 alkyl group; X is O, S, CH?CH (cis) or CH?CH (trans); and R2 is a C2-C14 alkyl group. In some embodiments, B can be adenine or cytosine. Compositions containing the compound, and methods of using and preparing the compound, are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides antifungal compounds, antifungal compositions, and intermediates for the preparation of antifungal compounds and antifungal compositions. The invention also provides methods of inhibiting fungi and methods of treating fungal infections, for example, with a compound or composition described herein. The antifungal compositions can include antifungal adjuvants such as essential oils or essential oil extracts, which adjuvants further improve the antifungal activity of the compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to drug conjugates useful for localized treatment of diseases or disorders of the middle ear and/or inner ear. Methods of treating diseases or disorders of the middle ear and/or inner ear, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the conjugates, and methods of inhibiting a Tropomyosin receptor kinase are also provided.

Abstract: A compound of Formula I has the structure: wherein G is a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms or an ether group, and R is a fluorescent dye. In some embodiments, G is selected from the group consisting of —(CH2)n— and —(CH2OCH2)m—, wherein n is an integer from 2 to 18, m is an integer from 2 to 18.

Abstract: Fluorescent probes based on N-heterocyclic bisphosphonates or their phosphonocarboxylate analogues are provided. The probes have variable spectroscopic properties, bone mineral binding affinities, and pharmacological activities. Methods for preparing the probes include the use of two complementary linking strategies, one involving an amino group and the other involving a chloride group as a precursor to an amino group. In other versions, bifunctional N-heterocyclic bisphosphonates are provided having an amino group and an azido group as linking moieties. In some versions, the linking chemistry allows attachment of a wide selection of fluorescent dyes in the visible to near-infrared range to any of three clinically important heterocyclic bisphosphonates.

Abstract: An amino acid conjugate of a cyclic or acyclic nucleoside phosphonate is provided. In some cases, the amino acid conjugate is a tyrosine alkyl amide phosphonate ester conjugate of a cyclic or acyclic nucleoside phosphonate, and is useful as an antiviral compound. In certain cases, the tyrosine conjugate includes a long chain alkyl group on the carboxamide group of the tyrosine residue. In a method of preparing an acyclic tyrosine conjugate, a tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) protected tyrosine residue containing a long chain alkyl group is reacted with an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate mono-ethyl ester in the presence of benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate to produce a Boc-protected nucleoside phosphonate di-ester, and the di-ester is deethylated and deprotected to produce the tyrosine conjugate. Methods of inhibiting viral replication and methods of treating a viral infection using the amino acid conjugate are also provided.

Abstract: A tyrosine-based (phosphonylmethoxyalkyl)purine or -pyrimidine conjugate is provided. In some embodiments, the conjugate includes tyrosine based amino acid or dipeptide moieties of (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl)adenine or its cytosine analog. A method of synthesizing such conjugates based on Boc-protected amino acid or dipeptides is also provided. In addition, a method of isomerizing an (S,S)-diastereoisomer to an (S,R)-diastereoisomer of an amino acid-based or dipeptide-based conjugate by a process including transesterification is provided. A method of inhibiting viral infection and a method of treating viral infection based on (phosphonylmethoxyalkyl)purine or -pyrimidine conjugates is also provided.

Abstract: A method of modifying a nucleotide or a nucleotide analogue to increase its overall effectiveness in treating an antiviral disease is provided. In some cases, a compound comprising a base, sugar, phosphonate moiety, and amino acid residue is provided, where the base-sugar may be a nucleoside, and the amino acid residue may be a tyrosine residue. In certain cases, the tyrosine residue contains a long chain alkyl group on the carboxamide group of the residue. Methods of inhibiting viral replication and methods of treating a viral infection are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to drug derivatives and linkers. The invention specifically relates to compounds and methods of phosphonates and linkers, that are useful as carriers for imaging agents and useful in the treatment of various bone diseases.

Abstract: Cidofovir or foscarnet based compounds having an amino acid or dipeptide esters are provided as prodrugs.

Abstract: A tyrosine-based (phosphonylmethoxyalkyl)purine or -pyrimidine conjugate is provided. In some embodiments, the conjugate includes tyrosine based amino acid or dipeptide moieties of (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl)adenine or its cytosine analogue. A method of synthesizing such conjugates based on Boc-protected amino acid or dipeptides is also provided. In addition, a method of isomerizing an (S,S)-diastereoisomer to an (S,R)-diastereoisomer of an amino acid-based or dipeptide-based conjugate by a process including transesterification is provided. A method of inhibiting viral infection and a method of treating viral infection based on (phosphonylmethoxyalkyl)purine or -pyrimidine conjugates is also provided.

Abstract: Cidofovir or foscarnet based compounds having an amino acid or dipeptide esters are provided as prodrugs.

Abstract: The present invention provides for Troika acids attached to a macroporous resin and Methods of preparing the same, including direct attachment of a Troika acid, and attachment of a Troika acid precursor followed by generation of the Troika acid in situ. Methods of functionalizing a resin to facilitate attachment are also described. Multiple Troika acids, comprising a pair of Troika acids joined together are described. Synthetic routes to both microporous and macroporous resins modified by introduction of a suitable Troika-type acid have been designed and validated. In a preferred embodiment, a macroporous Troika resin removes Cu2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solution with high affinity, and is selective against Mg2+ or Ca2+. The materials of the present invention have advantages for metal removal from power plant waste water.