Abstract: A method and apparatus for casting wherein molten metal is treated to create conditions of whole volume solidification in the mold. The treating of the molten metal can include the application of vibration in specified manner under specific frequency and amplitude for causing multiple sites of crystallization throughout the mold, or the treating can be by use of activators which are formed during casting, either directly from the molten metal stream by dispersion or from a mineral which concurrently with casting is milled, to a finely ground powder, dehydrated and fed into the molten metal throughout the metal to speed solidification and crystallization at multiple sites. Solidification speed can be more than doubled while eliminating pouring defects and improving the cast metal structure. The methods are applicable to various methods of casting including continuous casting and the methods of vibrating and use of activators can be combined with improved results.

Abstract: Segregation of carbon or alloying elements in a solidifying liquid core during casting of a continuous metal strand of high carbon steel or alloy steel, are disbursed by vibrating hammers engaged with a solidified shell enclosing a liquid steel core. The hammers are located before the end of the liquid core. A vibrator operating at a frequency of between 1000 and 5000 cycles per minute is coupled to the hammers by a support structure forming a dead weight mass for maintaining a metal-to-metal contact with the solidified shell while vibrated by the vibrator. The support structure is guided for stabilizing the hammers and for displacement of the hammers between an operative position and inoperative position.

Abstract: Segregation of carbon or alloying elements in a solidifying liquid core during casting of a continuous metal strand of high carbon steel or alloy steel, are disbursed by vibrating hammers engaged with a solidified shell enclosing a liquid steel core. The hammers are located before the end of the liquid core. A vibrator operating at a frequency of between 1000 and 5000 cycles per minute is coupled to the hammers by a support structure forming a dead weight mass for maintaining a metal-to-metal contact with the solidified shell while vibrated by the vibrator. The support structure is guided for stabilizing the hammers and for displacement of the hammers between an operative position and inoperative position.

Abstract: Material is fed in a feed direction along an assembly vibrations are simultaneously applied to the assembly in both a direction at an acute angle to the feed direction and in a direction along the feed direction. The vibration is preferably applied in both directions using two vibrators with the same working phase. The productivity of the apparatus is increased, the quality of the continuous cast considerably improved and the continuity of the process is insured as compared with known methods and apparatus.