Abstract: Room and/or area disinfection apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of germicidal light at a frequency greater than 3 Hz and project the pulses of light exterior to the disinfection apparatuses. In some cases, the apparatus includes processor executable program instructions for receiving data regarding characteristics of a space in which the disinfection apparatus is to be operated. In addition or alternatively, the apparatus may include a remote user interface to affect operation of the disinfection apparatus. In other cases, the apparatus may additionally or alternatively include a means for automatically moving the disinfection apparatus. In yet other additional or alternative cases, the disinfection apparatus may be void of an opaque component 360° around an elongated portion of the germicidal pulsed light source such that light emitted from the germicidal pulsed light source encircles the disinfection apparatus.

Abstract: Room and/or area disinfection apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of germicidal light at a frequency greater than 3 Hz and project the pulses of light exterior to the disinfection apparatuses. In some cases, the apparatuses include an occupancy sensor for determining presence of an individual in a region extending at least 1.0 meter from the disinfection apparatus and processor executable program instructions for inhibiting and terminating the generation of light from the light source upon the occupancy sensor detecting presence of an individual. In addition or alternatively, the apparatuses may include wheels to affect portability of the apparatus. In some cases, the apparatuses may additionally or alternatively include an actuator for moving the light source relative to a support structure of the disinfection apparatus and processor executable program instructions for activating the actuator while the light source is emitting light.

Abstract: An integrated automated robotic test system for automated driving systems is disclosed, which is operable to provide an automated testing system for coordinated robotic control of automobiles equipped with automation functions (i.e., test vehicles) and unmanned target robots with which test vehicles may safely collide. The system may include a system for controlling a vehicle that includes a brake actuator, a throttle actuator, and a steering actuator. The brake actuator is controlled by a brake motor and configured to press and release a brake pedal of the vehicle. The throttle actuator is controlled by a throttle motor and configured to press and release a gas pedal of the vehicle. The steering actuator is configured to control a steering wheel of the vehicle. The steering actuator includes a steering motor configured to attach to the steering wheel and a reaction stand configured to support the steering motor.

Abstract: An integrated automated robotic test system for automated driving systems is disclosed, which is operable to provide an automated testing system for coordinated robotic control of automobiles equipped with automation functions (i.e., test vehicles) and unmanned target robots with which test vehicles may safely collide. The system may include a system for controlling a vehicle that includes a brake actuator, a throttle actuator, and a steering actuator. The brake actuator is controlled by a brake motor and configured to press and release a brake pedal of the vehicle. The throttle actuator is controlled by a throttle motor and configured to press and release a gas pedal of the vehicle. The steering actuator is configured to control a steering wheel of the vehicle. The steering actuator includes a steering motor configured to attach to the steering wheel and a reaction stand configured to support the steering motor.

Abstract: An integrated automated robotic test system for automated driving systems is disclosed, which is operable to provide an automated testing system for coordinated robotic control of automobiles equipped with automation functions (i.e., test vehicles) and unmanned target robots with which test vehicles may safely collide. The system may include a system for controlling a vehicle that includes a brake actuator, a throttle actuator, and a steering actuator. The brake actuator is controlled by a brake motor and configured to press and release a brake pedal of the vehicle. The throttle actuator is controlled by a throttle motor and configured to press and release a gas pedal of the vehicle. The steering actuator is configured to control a steering wheel of the vehicle. The steering actuator includes a steering motor configured to attach to the steering wheel and a reaction stand configured to support the steering motor.

Abstract: Room and/or area disinfection apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of germicidal light at a frequency greater than 3 Hz and project the pulses of light exterior to the disinfection apparatuses. In some cases, the apparatuses include an occupancy sensor for determining presence of an individual in a region extending at least 1.0 meter from the disinfection apparatus and processor executable program instructions for inhibiting and terminating the generation of light from the light source upon the occupancy sensor detecting presence of an individual. In addition or alternatively, the apparatuses may include wheels to affect portability of the apparatus. In some cases, the apparatuses may additionally or alternatively include an actuator for moving the light source relative to a support structure of the disinfection apparatus and processor executable program instructions for activating the actuator while the light source is emitting light.

Abstract: Disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of germicidal light at a frequency greater than 20 Hz and project the pulses of light to surfaces at least 1.0 meter from the disinfection apparatus. The pulses of light comprise a pulse duration and an energy flux sufficient to generate a power flux between approximately 200 W/m2 and approximately 5000 W/m2 of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 320 nm at the surfaces. Other disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of light comprising germicidal light and visible light from a germicidal light source and generate pulses of light from a visible light source that is distinct from the germicidal light source. The projections of visible light from the light sources produce a continuous stream of visible light or a collective stream of visible light pulsed at a frequency greater than 60 Hz.

Abstract: Disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of germicidal light at a frequency greater than 20 Hz and project the pulses of light to surfaces at least 1.0 meter from the disinfection apparatus. The pulses of light comprise a pulse duration and an energy flux sufficient to generate a power flux between approximately 200 W/m2 and approximately 5000 W/m2 of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 320 nm at the surfaces. Other disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of light comprising germicidal light and visible light from a germicidal light source and generate pulses of light from a visible light source that is distinct from the germicidal light source. The projections of visible light from the light sources produce a continuous stream of visible light or a collective stream of visible light pulsed at a frequency greater than 60 Hz.

Abstract: Disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of germicidal light at a frequency greater than 20 Hz and project the pulses of light to surfaces at least 1.0 meter from the disinfection apparatus. The pulses of light comprise a pulse duration and an energy flux sufficient to generate a power flux between approximately 200 W/m2 and approximately 5000 W/m2 of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 320 nm at the surfaces. Other disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of light comprising germicidal light and visible light from a germicidal light source and generate pulses of light from a visible light source that is distinct from the germicidal light source. The projections of visible light from the light sources produce a continuous stream of visible light or a collective stream of visible light pulsed at a frequency greater than 60 Hz.

Abstract: Disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of germicidal light at a frequency greater than 20 Hz and project the pulses of light to surfaces at least 1.0 meter from the disinfection apparatus. The pulses of light comprise a pulse duration and an energy flux sufficient to generate a power flux between approximately 200 W/m2 and approximately 5000 W/m2 of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 320 nm at the surfaces. Other disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of light comprising germicidal light and visible light from a germicidal light source and generate pulses of light from a visible light source that is distinct from the germicidal light source. The projections of visible light from the light sources produce a continuous stream of visible light or a collective stream of visible light pulsed at a frequency greater than 60 Hz.

Abstract: An integrated automated robotic test system for automated driving systems is disclosed, which is operable to provide an automated testing system for coordinated robotic control of automobiles equipped with automation functions (i.e., test vehicles) and unmanned target robots with which test vehicles may safely collide. The system may include a system for controlling a vehicle that includes a brake actuator, a throttle actuator, and a steering actuator. The brake actuator is controlled by a brake motor and configured to press and release a brake pedal of the vehicle. The throttle actuator is controlled by a throttle motor and configured to press and release a gas pedal of the vehicle. The steering actuator is configured to control a steering wheel of the vehicle. The steering actuator includes a steering motor configured to attach to the steering wheel and a reaction stand configured to support the steering motor.

Abstract: In accordance with one specific embodiment of the present invention, a Hall-current ion source is operated in a pulsed mode where the pulse duration is short compared to the time for discharge fluctuations to develop. For a reduced loss of neutral gas, the time between pulses should be less than, or about equal to, the fill time for the ionizable gas in the discharge volume of the Hall-current ion source.