Abstract: Technique for bonding soft biological tissue having an incision therein with forceps adapted to grip a portion of tissue on both sides of incision. Electrodes are secured to forceps for contracting the tissue portion. An electrical power source provides a high frequency electrical signal to electrodes to be passed through the tissue portion. The electrical power source is controlled to provide electrodes with one voltage signal during a first of two stages, wherein the voltage rises linearly, and another voltage signal during a second of the two stages, wherein the voltage is stabilized and modulated with a low frequency rectangular signal. A clamping means applies force with the forceps to compress the tissue at one or different levels during two time periods while the high frequency voltage is passed through the electrodes. The tissue impedance is measured as a function of time, with its minimal value being determined and stored.

Abstract: Technique for bonding soft biological tissue having an incision therein with forceps adapted to grip a portion of tissue on both sides of incision. Electrodes are secured to forceps for contracting the tissue portion. An electrical power source provides a high frequency electrical signal to electrodes to be passed through the tissue portion. The electrical power source is controlled to provide electrodes with one voltage signal during a first of two stages, wherein the voltage rises linearly, and another voltage signal during a second of the two stages, wherein the voltage is stabilized and modulated with a low frequency rectangular signal. A clamping means applies force with the forceps to compress the tissue at one or different levels during two time periods while the high frequency voltage is passed through the electrodes. The tissue impedance is measured as a function of time, with its minimal value being determined and stored.

Abstract: A system and method for welding of biological tissue by applying an RF voltage during a first stage to electrodes of a tissue welding tool; monitoring tissue impedance, and determining a minimum tissue impedance value during the first stage; determining relative tissue impedance; detecting when the relative tissue impedance reaches a predetermined relative tissue impedance value and starting a second stage; calculating the duration of the second stage as a function of the duration of the first stage; and applying the RF voltage during the second stage to the electrodes of the tissue welding tool.

Abstract: A technique for bonding soft biological tissue having an incision therein with forceps adapted to grip a portion of the tissue on both sides of the incision. Electrodes are secured to the forceps for contacting the tissue portion. An electrical power source provides a high frequency electrical signal to the electrodes to be passed through the tissue portion. The electrical power source is controlled to provide the electrodes with one voltage signal during a first of two stages, and another voltage signal during a second of the two stages. During the first stage the voltage rises linearly. During the second stage, the voltage is stabilized and is modulated with a low frequency rectangular signal. A clamping means applies force with the forceps to compress the tissue at one level or at different levels during two time periods while the high frequency voltage is passed through the electrodes. The tissue impedance is measured as a function of time, with its minimal value being determined and stored.

Abstract: A system and method for welding of biological tissue by applying an RF voltage during a first stage to electrodes of a tissue welding tool; monitoring tissue impedance, and determining a minimum tissue impedance value during the first stage; determining relative tissue impedance; detecting when the relative tissue impedance reaches a predetermined relative tissue impedance value and starting a second stage; calculating the duration of the second stage as a function of the duration of the first stage; and applying the RF voltage during the second stage to the electrodes of the tissue welding tool.

Abstract: A technique for bonding soft biological tissue having an incision therein with forceps adapted to grip a portion of the tissue on both sides of the incision. Electrodes are secured to the forceps for contacting the tissue portion. An electrical power source provides a high frequency electrical signal to the electrodes to be passed through the tissue portion. The electrical power source is controlled to provide the electrodes with one voltage signal during a first of two stages, and another voltage signal during a second of the two stages. During the first stage the voltage rises linearly. During the second stage, the voltage is stabilized and is modulated with a low frequency rectangular signal. A clamping means applies force with the forceps to compress the tissue at one level or at different levels during two time periods while the high frequency voltage is passed through the electrodes. The tissue impedance is measured as a function of time, with its minimal value being determined and stored.

Abstract: A technique for bonding soft biological tissue having an incision therein with forceps adapted to grip a portion of the tissue on both sides of the incision. Electrodes are secured to the forceps for contacting the tissue portion. An electrical power source provides a high frequency electrical signal to the electrodes to be passed through the tissue portion. The electrical power source is controlled to provide the electrodes with one voltage signal during a first of two stages, and another voltage signal during a second of the two stages. During the first stage the voltage rises linearly. During the second stage, the voltage is stabilized and is modulated with a low frequency rectangular signal. A clamping means applies force with the forceps to compress the tissue at one level or at different levels during two time periods while the high frequency voltage is passed through the electrodes. The tissue impedance is measured as a function of time, with its minimal value being determined and stored.

Abstract: A technique for bonding soft biological tissue having an incision therein with forceps adapted to grip a portion of the tissue on both sides of the incision. Electrodes are secured to the forceps for contacting the tissue portion. An electrical power source provides a high frequency electrical signal to the electrodes to be passed through the tissue portion. The electrical power source is controlled to provide the electrodes with one voltage signal during a first of two stages, and another voltage signal during a second of the two stages. During the first stage the voltage rises linearly. During the second stage, the voltage is stabilized and is modulated with a low frequency rectangular signal. A clamping means applies force with the forceps to compress the tissue at one level or at different levels during two time periods while the high frequency voltage is passed through the electrodes. The tissue impedance is measured as a function of time, with its minimal value being determined and stored.

Abstract: A device for electron beam processing of materials in space designed for the performance of the technical operations of welding, cutting, heating, filler welding, tube welding, brazing, coating deposition by the method of thermal evaporation of materials under vacuum by an operator in a spacesuit during EVA. The device includes a range of replaceable electron beam handtools, control and power supply modules, connection cables and a module for monitoring the condition of the device which is placed inside the space vehicle.

Abstract: An astronaut's work station for performing experiments or other work in space is designed for use under the conditions of open space on board space vehicles by an astronaut in a spacesuit, using a system of hardware, for instance electron beam, which it accommodates, as well as samples of materials to be worked on, located in a replaceable samples module. The work station is fastened on the outer surface of a long-term orbital space station of the MIR type, or in the cargo bay of a cargo reusable space vehicle of the Shuttle type. The work station comprises a frame containing a base with a foot rail, a hand rail with a holder, a seat with latches for locking-in the replaceable samples module, and an astronaut's sliding foot restraint which moves over the foot rail.

Abstract: A method of producing carbon-containing materials, residing in that, prior to electron-beam vacuum evaporation of graphite, on the surface of the graphite there is disposed a transition metal of Groups VI-VIII of the Periodic System or a mixture of at least two transition metals of said Groups, ensuring a higher rate of evaporation of graphite with respect to said metals or mixture, the metal or mixture is melted by an electron beam (10), evaporation of the graphite proceeding through the resulting melt (11) with subsequent condensation of the graphite on a support (4). In the course of gradual consumption of the graphite and said metal or mixture their supply into the resulting melt (11) is effected in such a manner that the consumed surface of the graphite should be completely overlapped by the melt (11).

Abstract: The invention relates to technology and equipment for arc welding.A method of overhead submerged arc welding consists in that flux at the wing site is pressure-fed to the joint being welded from below at different pressures along the joint being welded, a consumable electrode (3) is fed through the flux (3) from below and an arc is struck. A weldpool is formed thereat with a layer of liquid slag.

Abstract: The apparatus for acoustic-emission inspection of articles has channels e including a series connection of a transducer of acoustic emission signals, positionable on an article under inspection, and an amplifier of electric signals, having connected to its output a unit for measuring the parameters of acoustic emission signals and a shaper of single pulses, of which the output is connected to the first input of a unit for measuring time intervals. The other input of the unit for measuring time intervals of each channel is connected to the output of a clock pulse generator. The output of the clock pulse generator is also connected to the input of a frequency divider. The apparatus further comprises an OR gate of which the inputs, in a number equalling the number of the channels, are connected to the outputs of the shapers of single pulses of each channel, and the output is connected to the third inputs of the units for measuring time intervals in each channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of welding. Disclosure is made of a wire comprising a metal body (1) having a longitudinal cavity (3) filled with a charge (2) comprising at least one constituent from the group consisting of alloying and slag-forming constituents.On the surface of the cavity (3) and the wire there is disposed a coat (4, 7) made up of at least two layers (5, 6 and 8, 9). Each of said layers (5, 6 and 8, 9) incorporates one constituent selected from the group consisting of alloying and slag-forming constituents. From 10 to 99 percent of the mass of the constituents in the layers (5, 6) of the coat (4) and in the layers (8, 9) of the coat (7) is disposed on the surface of the cavity (3), and the total area of the layers (5, 6) of the coat (4) and the layers (8, 9) of the coat (7) in cross section of the wire, incorporating the identical constituents, amounts to from 0.001 to 0.1 part of the area of the metal body (1).

Abstract: The arc-welding monitor has a weld power supply, units for generating signals proportional to welding current and voltage, an audio-signal generator, welding current and voltage comparators and a monitoring sequence logic analyzer having a signal switch responsive to variations of monitored quantities, which is connected to the outputs of said welding current and voltage comparators, a signal switch responsive to incremental changes in monitored parameters, and welding current and voltage adders. One input of each adder is connected to the outputs of said units for generating signals proportional to welding current and voltage, respectively, while the second input of each adder is combined with the input of the corresponding comparator, the outputs thereof being connected to the inputs of the signal switch responsive to incremental changes in monitored parameters.

Abstract: The method consists in that molten metal and slag are obtained in a reservoir and then are poured into a mold and kept there till crystallization of the metal takes place and a shaped casting is produced. Prior to the process of pouring, the mold is moved towards the reservoir so that their upper end faces adjoin each other to form a closed integrated unit, which is turned in a vertical plane to transfer the metal and slag into the mold. The joint of the mold with the reservoir in the process of pouring is tightened by providing a time delay for this process from the moment of covering the joint with a slag layer till the moment of solidification of this layer. In the device for producing the castings, the mold and reservoir are provided with individual drives rotating them in a vertical plane, the drives moving the mold to form a closed integrated unit with the reservoir and rotating this unit in the process of pouring the molten metal and slag into the mold.

Abstract: The machine of the invention, intended for resistance butt welding of pipes, comprises two semi-housings mounted externally on the pipes to be welded to the opposite sides of a joint and interconnected by the flash and upset drive, a clamping device mounted in each semihousing, including radially arranged hydraulic cylinders with clamping shoes, and a control system of the hydraulic cylinders.The control system of the hydraulic cylinders includes control valve units structurally associated with the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders. The control valve units include follow-up spool valves interconnected by their common actuator linkage.

Abstract: The method consists in that a flat work in an initial position is oriented horizontally between cooled mold beams. Plasma torches are arranged in line across the parallel side edges so that the anode spots of the extreme torches are confined by said edges of the work. By supplying a plasma forming gas and electric current to the plasma torches the work is heated with the formation of a metal pool which extends across the work from edge to edge. By relatively moving the work and the plasma torches in a horizontal plane and along the edges of the work movement of the metal pool over the surface thereof is effected and thereby a remelted layer as thick as the pool is deep, is obtained. The apparatus for carrying out the method comprises a sealed chamber containing a mold having two beams arranged in a horizontal plane and being parallel to one another.

Abstract: An arc trainer for welders comprises a welding electrode simulator, a welding object simulating unit, a welding power source whose outputs are connected to the electrode simulator and to the welding object simulation unit, a unit controlling the quality of the simulated welding process and generation of feedback signals for the trainee, which is connected to the welding electrode simulator and to the welding power source, a unit monitoring variations of welding parameters, which is connected to the control unit and to the welding power source, and a helmet connected to the control unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing crack arrester consisting in that a hollow cylindrical blank (1) with a multi-layer wall and a discontinuity (2) provided at least in one of the layers is made so that the diameter and wall thickness thereof are smaller and greater, respectively, than the specified final dimensions of the crack arrester (5) and the blank (1) is then heated and rolled on a ring-rolling mill (4) uniformly over the entire length to the final dimensions of the crack arrester (5) so that the layers fuse to each other in the course of rolling.