Abstract: In a method and apparatus for the electroslag refining of metal, the method includes providing a refining vessel to contain an electroslag refining layer floating on a layer of molten refined metal. The refining vessel representing an upper part of a cooled mould comprises a plurality of superimposed sleeves which are electrically insulated from one another. The top sleeve, being the refining vessel, is substantially a non-consumable electrode and has a current lead electrically insulated from the sleeve. The molten electroslag layer is heated by a refining current which is passed from a power source through the mould and slag layer to the metal pool. An unrefined metal is lowered into the vessel into contact with the molten electroslag layer such that its surface is melted and overheated at the point of contact with the slag such that droplets of the metal are formed and these droplets pass down through the slag and are collected in a pool of molten refined metal beneath the slag.

Abstract: The apparatus has a mould comprising conjugate stationary and movable parts, said movable part being a drum with a horizontal axis of rotation and having a drive for the rotation thereof. A bottom plate is fixedly attached to the drum and serves to strip the blank being cast from the mould through the action of said drum. The apparatus is provided with a carriage for the displacement of a consumable electrode relative to said drum, which is rotatably mounted on the drum shaft. The carriage has a separate drive for its rotation on the shaft and carries a holder with the consumable electrode.

Abstract: A process of simultaneous electroslag remelting several consumable electrodes fastened in a common electrode holder which contemplates feeding a flow of cooled gas to a lateral face of the electrode immersed inadequately in a slag bath, i.e. fused off to a larger degree.

Abstract: Apparatus for electroslag remelting of at least one consumable electrode in a cooled mold assembly with a cooled bottom plate having mechanism accomplishing relative movement between at least a part of the mold assembly and the ingot being formed during forming of the ingot. Movement of selective parts of the mold assembly relative to the ingots and/or the electrode is provided with or without movement of the electrode itself. Structure for bottom pouring of molten slag is provided. A specified mold assembly has, as an element, a cooled core device enabling making hollow ingots, in which case the hollow core device can be moved axially, reciprocated axially and reciprocally rotated during forming of the ingot. Electrical power for the electroslag remelting can be connected between the consumable electrode and any or all elements of the mold assembly.

Abstract: An installation has a hollow cooled mould with a bottom plate having a cooled protrusion which partially enters the cavity of the cooled mould from underneath and forms the bottom of the mould at the beginning of melting. The protrusion is of a height exceeding that of the ingot forming walls of the cooled mould, and of a cross section allowing the cooled mould to be lowered to a level at which the ingot forming section of the cooled mould wall is below the upper end face of the cooled protrusion. The installation is compact in size and permits the use of a crane for upward removal of an ingot from the cooled mould.

Abstract: An electrode holder of a multielectrode furnace comprises at least two parts of a support plate, which are insulated electrically from each other. On each part of the support plate some holes are used for fastening the consumable electrodes, while other holes are used for passing the consumable electrodes. The number of holes in each part of the support plate is equal to the number of the consumable electrodes. At least two of said holes are used for fastening the consumable electrodes and have the shape necessary for fastening the inventory heads of the consumable electrodes. The other holes of the support plate are used for passing the consumable electrodes. The parts of the support plate are installed above each other in such a way that the holes for fastening the consumable electrodes of one part of the support plate should be located coaxially above the holes for passing the consumable electrodes of the other part of the support plate.

Abstract: A contactless inductance interface pickup, having within an external housing an auxiliary housing installed, and formed as a pot, with at least the bottom thereof being constructed from a non-magnetic material, and a clearance between the external housing and the auxiliary housing wherethrough a cooling agent flows around the pickup. Inside the auxiliary housing, in immediate proximity to the bottom thereof, a magnetic circuit is disposed with at least one measuring winding and at least one energized winding.

Abstract: In a plant a carrier for withdrawing an ingot is a drum, rotatably mounted about the horizontal axis thereof, adjacent to the side of a mould near its wall shaping the internal surface of the ingot and coaxial with the wall, with a base plate having a dummy bar and an electrode holder being fastened to the drum shell; the electrode holder being electrically insulated from the drum and carrying at least one electrode curvilinear in shape and encompassing a part of the drum and having a clearance therewith to preclude electrical contact between the drum and the electrode; the drum, while turning, serving also as a mechanism for feeding the electrode into the mould melting space.

Abstract: An apparatus for melting hollow metal ingots during electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes has a hollow chilled mould and a mandrel for moulding the cavity of an ingot which are mounted on a bottom plate at the beginning of the ingot melting cycle. The bottom plate has at least two projections on the working surface thereof. Each projection is shaped as a tooth of a thickness equal to the amount of space between the surface of the inner wall of the chilled mould and the outer surface of the mandrel which moulds the ingot, and the height and the width of each projection are commensurable with the thickness thereof. The projections may be replaceable and may have a trapezoidal cross section. The provision of the projections on the bottom plate prevents the mandrel from being jammed with the ingot being moulded at the beginning of the melting process.

Abstract: An electroslag remelting plant comprises a cooled mould with a base plate mounted on a car, and an electrode holder secured to a stringer with the help of a carriage. The electrode holder incorporates a standard head made up of two parts isolated from each other, each being adapted for holding in place at least one electrode and secured in the electrode holder so that each part contacts an appropriate contact plate of the electrode holder, the contact plates being connected to unlike poles of a power supply source.

Abstract: Apparatus for electroslag remelting of at least one consumable electrode in a cooled mold assembly with a cooled bottom plate having mechanism accomplishing relative movement between at least a part of the mold assembly and the ingot being formed during forming of the ingot. Movement of selective parts of the mold assembly relative to the ingot and/or the electrode is provided with or without movement of the electrode itself. Structure for bottom pouring of molten slag is provided. A specific mold assembly has, as an element, a cooled core device enabling making hollow ingots, in which case the hollow core device can be moved axially, reciprocated axially and reciprocally rotated during forming of the ingot. Electrical power for the electroslag remelting can be connected between the consumable electrode and any or all elements of the mold assembly.

Abstract: Apparatus for electroslag remelting of at least one consumable electrode in a cooled mold assembly with a cooled bottom plate having mechanism accomplishing relative movement between at least a part of the mold assembly and the ingot being formed during forming of the ingot. Movement of selective parts of the mold assembly relative to the ingot and/or the electrode is provided with or without movement of the electrode itself. Structure for bottom pouring of molten slag is provided. A specific mold assembly has, as an element, a cooled core device enabling making hollow ingots, in which case the hollow core device can be moved axially, reciprocated axially and reciprocally rotated during forming of the ingot. Electrical power for the electroslag remelting can be connected between the consumable electrode and any or all elements of the mold assembly.

Abstract: A method of electroslag remelting of titanium or its alloys in a mould having a protective atmosphere from inactive gases supplied to the surface of the slag bath and the electrode, as well as into the melt and onto the ingot at the point where it comes out of the mould. Also disclosed is a device for realizing the above method, which device is made as a mould having receptacles disposed at its upper and lower butt-ends and passages provided in the walls in the melting zone and used for supplying inactive gases into the space of the mould.

Abstract: Apparatus for electroslag remelting of at least one consumable electrode in a cooled mold assembly with a cooled bottom plate having mechanism accomplishing relative movement between at least a part of the mold assembly and the ingot being formed during forming of the ingot. Movement of selective parts of the mold assembly relative to the ingots and/or the electrode is provided with or without movement of the electrode itself. Structure for bottom pouring of molten slag is provided. A specific mold assembly has, as an element, a cooled core device enabling making hollow ingots, in which case the hollow core device can be moved axially, reciprocated axially and reciprocally rotated during forming of the ingot. Electrical power for the electroslag remelting can be connected between the consumable electrode and any or all elements of the mold assembly.

Abstract: An electroslag remelting plant according to the invention, comprises a double-mast single-phase furnace connected to a three-mast three-phase furnace through water-cooling and gas suction systems, with at least one mast of the three-mast three-phase furnace, on which an electrode holder is fixed, being spaced at such a distance from the double-mast single-phase furnace which ensures the melting of an ingot into a common mold.Such plant allows melting large-size slab ingots and features high versatility ensuring simultaneous melting of different ingots with each electrode holder serving its mold.

Abstract: A mould for casting at least one component of a complex-shaped metal article, the mould having in the fusion area at least one hole hole fitted from the mould interior with a slot whose geometric dimensions ensure the formation of a slag blanket in the volume which is required for a uniform heat removal in the fusion area. The number of the holes correspond to the number of the article components to be joined by fusion and the geometric dimensions and contour of the holes matching those of the article components to be bonded by the application of a fusion process.

Abstract: A furnace for the electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes in a single mould, having a common slag bath and a zone for shaping simultaneously several ingots separated into parts with the aid of at least one dividing wall.

Abstract: Molten slag is introduced through the lower portion of a crucible device into the bottom of the remelting zone in an electroslag remelting process using single or plural consumable electrodes in an amount sufficient to achieve a predetermined depth in the remelting zone. The achievement of the predetermined depth is signalled when current flows as a result of the slag level contacting and closing a circuit through an energized electrode disposed in the remelting zone. The crucible has a bottom plate at its lower end, the bottom plate has a recess in its top side and a piece of metal is inserted in the recess to provide electrical contact between the piece of metal and the bottom plate the piece of metal in the recess in the bottom plate is connected by a center tap line to an electric current source which passes through the electrode(s), the slag and the piece of metal during initial remelting.

Abstract: An electroslag remelting plant comprises a cooled mould, a base plate adapted for shaping the bottom part of an ingot, a single-phase transformer having a secondary winding with a midpoint, and two similar groups of electrodes, each one of the two groups of electrodes comprises at least two electrodes and being connected to one of the ends of the secondary winding of the single-phase transformer so that each two proximate adjacent electrodes have an opposite polarity.

Abstract: A non-contact inductive pickup for determining the interface between two media. The media have different specific density, different specific resistance and at least one of the media is electrically conductive and non-magnetic. The pickup comprises two open U-shaped magnetic circuits disposed parallel to each other and embraced by excitation and measuring windings.