Abstract: The inventive method for producing fullerene-containing carbon and the device for carrying out said method relate to the chemical industry and are used for producing fullerenes. Said method for producing fullerene-containing carbon consists in vaporising graphite in an electric arc between coaxial graphite electrodes. The graphite electrode is continuously moved inside the electric arc zone through the glow discharge zone. The products formed inside the electric arc are removed therefrom with the aid of an annular inert gas flow which is directed along the axes of the electrodes through an area arranged at a defined distance from a discharge axis. The inventive device for producing fullerene-containing carbon comprises a plasma reactor provided with a system for circulating inert gas and a system for recuperating fullerene carbon. Said reactor is provided with a chamber for degassing the graphite electrode which is continuously moved by the glow discharge towards the arc.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for the continuous casting of metal sheets and bands, including two rotatable roll-crystallizers having parallel axes located in the horizontal plane and defining between them a gap of adjustable width, and means for supplying metal melt to fill the gap; characterized by means for generating at least three substantially horizontal magnetic fields producing electromagnetic pressures adapted to act to contain at least one end face of the melt within the gap.

Abstract: The invention relates to the sealing of detachable joints of the pipelines and manifolds by using metal elastic gaskets. A detachable stationary sealing device comprises the flanges having sealing surfaces, being tapered for one of the flanges and concave for another, a sealing gasket and a retaining releasing ring. The gasket is provided with elastic tabs being in contact with the sealing surfaces of the flanges, and an annular projection, the inner cylindrical surface of which is in contact with the outer cylindrical surface. The retaining releasing ring is of C-shaped cross-section and is fixed in the annular groove made on said cylindrical surface of the flange. The annular projection of the gasket is provided with the transversal external projection that fits into the groove of the retaining ring. The use of the invention reduces dimensions while increasing its reliability.

Abstract: A flow-rate controller comprises hollow casing 1, main 2 and additional 3 outlet branch pipes, and outlet branch pipe 4. Piston-type slide valve 13 with skirt 14 is located between front 5 and rear 10 guide bushes. The starting fuel component flows through the controller via branch pipe 3, hole 22, inlet space 7, holes 24 and 23, passage space 8, outlet orifices 11 and outlet branch pipe 4. It is followed by the main fuel component supplied to the system through the controller via branch pipe 2, open nonreturn pressure control valve 27, open front orifices 9, passage space 8, outlet orifices 11 and outlet branch pipe 4. Constant rates of flow of both the starting and the main fuel components through the controller are assured by the aforesaid original design slide valve and by the corresponding channels.

Abstract: A method for lifting liquids with airlift consisting of a lift pipe having a suction port, a discharge port, and an air feed including steps of (a) feeding air into the lift pipe, (b) sucking liquid in the suction port, (c) discharging liquid and air at the discharge port, and (d) inducing rotational motion of liquid at the discharge port, whereby the efficiency of said airlift is increased and splashing and heisering are eliminated. An airlift apparatus with means for inducing rotational motion at the discharge port is also provided. The means for inducing rotations can be an inclined flat or curvilinear baffle.

Abstract: A method for fluidization of a particulate bed material in a fluidized bed reactor with an upflow of fliud being treated, wherein a step of recycling said treated fluid is provided and further comprising the steps of (a) uniformly collecting at least a portion of the fluid above the fluidized bed and lifting this fluid by at least one gaslift having an intake above the bed, and (b) recycling the lifted fluid under the bed via at least one downcomer positioned within the bed. An generic apparatus for conducting the method steps in a variety of applications is also provided. The fluidized bed reactor can be used for chemical, physical chemical, biological processes, and combinations thereof in the chemical processing, food, environmental and other industries.

Abstract: This is an oxidation-reduction treatment of wastewater with biomass, comprising (a) a step of charging in the said system a recuperable oxidation-reduction mediator specie (metallic ions, metal containing species, oxyions with variable oxidation-reduction states, redox ion exchange materials, and combinations thereof), (b) a step of oxidizing terminal reducing agents with participation of the said recuperable oxidation-reduction mediator species (nitrification treatment, anoxic treatment, denitrification treatment, facultative anaerobic treatment, sulfate reduction, carbonate reduction, sludge conditioning, biomass oxidation treatment, and combinations thereof), (c) a step of reducing primary oxidizing agents with participation of the said recuperable oxidation-reduction mediator species (oxygen enriched treatment, aerobic treatment, nitrification treatment, anoxic treatment, denitrification treatment, facultative anaerobic treatment, and combinations thereof), (d) a step of retaining the said recuperable oxi

Abstract: This is a method of treatment of materials with the use of a sacrificial metal and reducible ions which comprises steps ofa) contacting the material to be treated with the surface of the said sacrificial metal, wherein the said material to be treated is included in an aqueous solution or emulsion or suspension; andb) inducing treatment processes at the surface of the said sacrificial metal by providing said reducible ions included in an electrolyte, wherein the said reducible ions react with the said sacrificial metal to form oxidation-reduction products comprising dissolved or suspended reduced species and dissolved or suspended species from oxidizing the said sacrificial metal.The method can be used for treatment of water, groundwater, including in-situ, wastewater, polluted gases, solid waste, and other materials.

Abstract: A method of biological treatment of materials by a combination of at least two groups of microorganisms forming sludges in at least two biological treatment zones treating the said materials wherein for purposes of increasing the treatment efficiency and stability at least one said sludges is conditioned in at least one sludge conditioning zone, whereby converting at least a fraction of at least one said group of organisms into organisms of another group, and thus forming the conditioned sludge, and the said conditioned sludge is fed in at least one said biological treatment zone.

Abstract: A method of controlling wastewater treatment in multi step system comprising at least one anaerobic step and at least one carbon dioxide stripping step by a combination of(1) recuperable abiotic species and carbon dioxide stripping, wherein the recuperable species can be metal ions such as calcium and iron, the said species are charged in the treatment system and form soluble carbonates maintaining the carbonic acid equilibrium and pH in anaerobic process steps and recuperated and retained in the system as insoluble carbonates or hydroxides formed in the carbon dioxide stripping step, and(2) conditioning the sludge by cultivating methanogens in the sludge in a dedicated process zone called sludge conditioner, and recycling the conditioned sludge in the reactor, wherein the volatile fatty acids are rapidly consumed by thus provided methanogens.Dramatic reduction in reagent requirements for pH and other purposes is achieved.

Abstract: A chemically stable solid surface coating modifier is provided by application to a substrate of a dispersion containing a highly dispersed hydrophobic powder, a silicon liquid, a solvent, and, optionally, an adhesive. The powder has been activated by alkali or alkaline salts and then treated with an organic silylating agent. The modifer is effective in imparting water repellent, anti-fouling, anti-icing, anti-corrosive, anti-friction properties to varies surfaces. The modifer also provides protection against other chemical, biological and atmospheric agents.

Abstract: A lamellar separator for clarification of aqueous influents comprising a primary clarification section provided with inclined co-current lamellas fed by the said aqueous influents at the upper ends of the said lamellas and discharging streams of concentrated solids and streams of clarified liquid at the lower end of the said lamellas, and an interception section attached to and being in hydraulic communication with the said primary clarification section at the lower ends of the said lamellas, the said interception section housing at least one interception means, whereby the said streams of concentrated solids are combined into a flow of concentrated solids and the said streams of clarified liquid are combined into a flow of clarified liquid, and the said flow of concentrated solids and the said flow of clarified liquid are evacuated from the said lamellar separator without intermixing.

Abstract: A carbonating tower for the production of sodium bicarbonate magma has a hollow casing accommodating perforated plates arranged one above another which divide the inner space of the casing into a separation compartment and reaction compartments communicating with one another via overflow pipes. Each reaction compartment has an annular baffle coaxial therewith arranged adjacent to the upper end of the overflow pipe, the baffle being adapted to define a zone for accumulation of solid crystalline phase in the magma. There are also provided means for removing said magma from one reaction compartment into the next compartment. The provision of the accumulation zone and the means for removal of magma contributes to the reduction of supersaturation of the solution with sodium bicarbonate, whereby crystals of uniform shape and size are obtained.

Abstract: A method of preparing benzene and methylbenzenes which comprises heat-treatment of toluene at a temperature of from 350.degree. to 500.degree. C under 1 to 50 atm pressure in the presence of a granulated zeolite catalyst. The latter contains cations of metals of Group II of the periodic system with an exchange degree of 5-30% of the theoretical; hydrogen group with an exchange degree of 6-22% of the theoretical and at least one of two components: the former - cations of metals of Group III of the periodic system with an exchange degree of 20-80% of the theoretical, the latter - cations of transition metals of Period IV of the periodic system with an exchange degree of 24 to 73% of the theoretical. This heat-treatment results in a reaction mixture I containing benzene and xylenes, wherefrom benzene and xylenes are separated. The separated xylenes are heat-treated under the above-mentioned conditions to form a reaction mixture 2 containing toluene and trimethylbenzenes.

Abstract: A method of producing aggregated abrasive grains for cutting tools and the like, comprising sintering a mixture of abrasive material powders and metal or alloy powders together with 5 to 10% by weight of the metal powders of an adhesion-active agent, to obtain a cake which is subsequently crushed. The sintering takes place in a loose state so that the cake has a porous structure which by crushing forms aggregated abrasive grains which break along the voids.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of a charged particle accelerator comprising a high-voltage generator built around a transformer whose primary winding is arranged coaxially inside a sleeve-like magnetic circuit, the secondary winding of said transformer being a sectional winding. Each coil of the secondary winding is connected to one of seriesly connected diode-capacitor rectifier circuits. An accelerator tube is connected to the high-voltage generator. The accelerator tube and the diode-capacitor rectifier circuits are located within the secondary winding of the transformer. The proposed accelerator is small in size, simple in design and easy to manufacture. It is provided with overvoltage protection means to take care of breakdowns and transient processes.