Abstract: Method and System for providing a signal from an insulin pump, artificial pancreas, or another insulin delivery device as a source of information for improving the accuracy of a continuous glucose sensor (CGS). The effect of using insulin information to enhance sensor accuracy is most prominent at low blood glucose levels, i.e. in the hypoglycemic range, which is critical for any treatment. A system for providing a filtering/state estimation methodology that may be used to determine a glucose state estimate at time t-?. The estimation may be extrapolated to some future time t and then the extrapolated value is used to extract the blood glucose component. The blood glucose component of the extrapolation and the output of the CGS are weighted and used to estimate the blood glucose level of a subject.

Abstract: A simulator for in-silico testing of Type 1 diabetes patients uses a model that puts in relation plasma concentrations, i.e., glucose G and insulin /, with glucose fluxes, i.e. endogenous glucose production (EGP), glucose rate of appearance (Ra), glucose utilization by the tissues (U), renal extraction (E), and insulin fluxes, i.e., rate of insulin appearance from the subcutaneous tissues (SC) and insulin degradation (D). A module is also included to describe counter-regulation, i.e. glucagon kinetics, secretion and action. A glucagon subcutaneous absorption model enables simulation of dual hormone control.

Abstract: An embodiment may be in the field of glycemic analysis and control. More specifically, an embodiment or approach may provide a novel method, system, and computer program for the visual and quantitative tracking of blood glucose variability in diabetes from self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) data and/or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data. More particularly, an embodiment or aspects thereof may use glucose measurements obtained from self-monitoring data and/or CGM data of an individual or a group of individuals to track and analyze blood glucose variability.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and a kit are capable of improving accuracy of CGS devices using dynamic outputs of continuous glucose sensors.

Abstract: A method, system and computer readable medium for tracking changes in average glycemia in diabetes is based on a conceptually new approach to the retrieval of SMBG data. Using the understanding of HbA1c fluctuation as the measurable effect of the action of an underlying dynamical system, SMBG provides occasional glimpses at the state of this system and, using these measurements, the hidden underlying system trajectory can be reconstructed for individual diabetes patients. Using compartmental modeling a new two-step algorithm is provided that includes: (i) real-time estimate of HbA1c from fasting glucose readings, updated with any new incoming fasting SMBG data point(s), and (ii) initialization and calibration of the estimated HbA1c trace with daily SMBG profiles obtained periodically. The estimation of these profiles includes a factorial model capturing daily BG variability within two latent factors.

Abstract: Time-varying hyperglycemic stresses are derived from actual ICU patients and applied to non-critically ill virtual patients, using any model of normal glucose-insulin physiology that fulfills certain requirements, in order to model and simulate stress hyperglycemia. Other aspects provide: 1) a methodology to perform sensitivity analyses of the parameters of ICU insulin infusion therapy protocols and to improve the protocols; and 2) a training system for clinicians about the course and management of stress hyperglycemia in the ICU or other facility.

Abstract: An Adaptive Advisory Control (AA Control) interactive process involving algorithm-based assessment and communication of physiologic and behavioral parameters and patterns assists patients with diabetes with the optimization of their glycemic control. The method and system may uses all available sources of information about the patient; (i) EO Data (e.g. self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and CMG), (ii) Insulin Data (e.g. insulin pump log files or patient treatment records), and (iii) Patient Self Reporting Data (e.g. self treatment behaviors, meals, and exercise) to: retroactively assess the risk of hypoglycemia, retroactively assess risk-based reduction of insulin delivery, and then report to the patient how a risk-based insulin reduction system would have acted consistently to prevent hypoglycemia.

Abstract: Method, system and computer program product for providing real time detection of analyte sensor sensitivity decline is continuous glucose monitoring systems are provided.

Abstract: Architecture and associated methods are provided for power management of ambulatory medical devices. The medical devices is described by a suite of services, each assigned a level of priority (from discretionary to critical), and the power management architecture allows use interchangeable control modules of various levels. A Power Safety Controller supervises the system to ensure appropriate preservation of critical services and provide warnings for low battery level. A Fidelity Controller ensures optimal allocation of power between the different services. A device supervision module estimates device characteristics which can be used by the other levels. The overall architecture ensures a safe and optimal management of services, and allows for a bottom-up deployment of the device.

Abstract: Method, system and computer program product for providing real time detection of analyte sensor sensitivity decline is continuous glucose monitoring systems are provided.

Abstract: An aspect of an embodiment or partial embodiment of the present invention (or combinations of various embodiments in whole or in part of the present invention) comprises, but not limited thereto, a method and system (and related computer program product) for continually assessing the risk of hypoglycemia for a patient and then determining what action to take based on that risk assessment. A further embodiment results in two outputs: (1) an attenuation factor to be applied to the insulin rate command sent to the pump (either via conventional therapy or via open or closed loop control) and/or (2) a red/yellow/green light hypoglycemia alarm providing to the patient an indication of the risk of hypoglycemia. The two outputs of the CPHS can be used in combination or individually.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product related to the detection of physical activity using changes in heart rate. The method, system, and computer program product evaluates short term glucose demand and long term insulin action due to physical activity. The method, system, and computer program product is further related to the improvement of open and closed loop control of diabetes by accounting for the metabolic changes due to physical activity. The method, system, and computer program product is directed to detecting in real time the short and long term effects of physical activity on insulin action via heart rate analysis, and recommending changes in insulin dosing to compensate for the effects of physical activity. With these recommendations, the open and closed loop control of diabetes can be improved and steps can be taken to prevent hypoglycemia that may result from increased insulin sensitivity due to physical activity.

Abstract: An aspect of an embodiment or partial embodiment of the present invention (or combinations of various embodiments in whole or in part of the present invention) comprises, but not limited thereto, a method and system (and related computer program product) for continually assessing the risk of hypoglycemia for a patient and then determining what action to take based on that risk assessment. A further embodiment results in two outputs: (1) an attenuation factor to be applied to the insulin rate command sent to the pump (either via conventional therapy or via open or closed loop control) and/or (2) a red/yellow/green light hypoglycemia alarm providing to the patient an indication of the risk of hypoglycemia. The two outputs of the CPHS can be used in combination or individually.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product related to the maintenance of optimal control of diabetes, and is directed to predicting the long-term exposure to hyperglycemia, and the long-term and short-term risks of severe or moderate hypoglycemia in diabetics, based on blood blucose readings collected by a self-monitoring blood glucose device. The method, system, and computer program product pertain directly to the enhancement of existing home blood glucose monitoring devices, by introducing an intelligent data interpretation component capable of predicting both HbA1c and periods of increased risk of hypoglycemia, and to the enhancement of emerging continuous monitoring devices by the same features. With these predictions the diabetic can take steps to prevent the adverse consequences associated with hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.

Abstract: An insulin delivery supervisor (IDS) with a safety analysis and supervision function that can reside between the insulin request and the insulin delivery and can intercept any excessive insulin requests before the insulin was delivered. The IDS can be implemented in any system based on insulin pump or pen and will work with either SMBG or CGM modes of blood glucose monitoring.

Abstract: Method and System for providing a signal from an insulin pump, artificial pancreas, or another insulin delivery device as a source of information for improving the accuracy of a continuous glucose sensor (CGS). The effect of using insulin information to enhance sensor accuracy is most prominent at low blood glucose levels, i.e. in the hypoglycemic range, which is critical for any treatment. A system for providing a filtering/state estimation methodology that may be used to determine a glucose state estimate at time t-?. The estimation may be extrapolated to some future time t and then the extrapolated value is used to extract the blood glucose component. The blood glucose component of the extrapolation and the output of the CGS are weighted and used to estimate the blood glucose level of a subject.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer useable medium that provides, among other things, a standardized test protocol for screening and evaluation of attentional impairment using EEG data. Further, the method, apparatus, and computer program product enhances existing psychological, behavioral, and physiological EEG data acquisition systems by introducing a sequential stochastic model procedure, and an intelligent data interpretation component capable of assessing EEG inconsistencies associated attentional impairments. Potential users of this product will be any person or organization that diagnoses or treats persons with attentional or cognitive impairments. The method can be used for initial screening and diagnosis of disorders associated with impaired attention, such as ADHD, as well as for treatment and evaluation of the effects of treatments, such as medication or additional therapies.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for correcting a nominal treatment strategy of a subject with diabetes. The method, system and computer program product may be configured for providing input whereby the input may include: open-loop therapy settings for the subject, data about glycemic state of the subject; and (optionally) data about meals and/or exercise of the subject. The method, system and computer program product may be configured for providing output, whereby the out-put may include an adjustment (correction) to the open-loop therapy settings for the subject for insulin delivery to the subject.

Abstract: A method, system and related computer program product for tracking the probability of hypoglycemia from routine self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) data in patients with diabetes. A specific bivariate probability distribution of low BG events based jointly on the Low BG Index (LBGI) and the Average Daily Risk Range (ADRR) is used to predict hypoglycemia probability of occurrence from inputted SMBG data. The SMBG data is retrieved from a series of SMBG data of a patient available from the patient's glucose meter and allows tracking of the probability for future hypoglycemia over a predetermined duration, e.g., a 24 or 48 hour period. The tracking includes presentation of visual and/or numerical output, as we construction of hypoglycemia risk trajectories that would enable warning messages for crossing of predefined thresholds, such as 50% likelihood for upcoming hypoglycemia below 50 mg/dl.

Abstract: Method, system and computer program product for providing real time detection of analyte sensor sensitivity decline is continuous glucose monitoring systems are provided.