Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising qualitatively checking if an infrastructure provides all features required to fulfill a request to set up a network slice instance; quantitatively checking if an available capacity of the infrastructure is sufficient to fulfill the request to set up the network slice instance; inhibiting the quantitative checking if, according to the qualitative checking, the infrastructure does not provide all the features required to fulfill the request to set up the network slice instance.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for a 3GPP bridge for time sensitive networks. In some example embodiment, there may be provided an apparatus causes to at least: receive at least one management object, the at least one management object comprising routing information between an ingress port at a 3GPP bridge and an egress port at the 3 GPP bridge; determine, for the ingress port and the egress port combination, at least one quality of service constraint to provide a delay guarantee towards a destination media access control address, the determination based on the received at least one management object and one or more bridge delays indicating a delay between the ingress port and the egress port; and cause a change, based on the determined at least one quality of service constraint, to a protocol data unit session carrying a time sensitive network flow.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: identify (702, 704, 706, 708, 710) a stream gate instance associated with a quality of service flow; and determine (712) time sensitive communication assistance information for the quality of service flow based on one or more parameters defining operation of the stream gate instance.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method. The method comprises, in response to a request from an inference consumer for inference data samples, obtaining inference data samples using a machine learning model. The method further comprises querying the obtained data samples to generate a filtered set of data samples. The method further comprises sending the filtered set of data samples to a training entity for training the machine learning model. The method further comprises sending the obtained inference data samples to the inference consumer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for. A method comprises, collecting information on messages exchanged between a first mobile network and a second mobile network during a time period; and determining a trust indication of the first mobile network at least based on the collected information. The trust indication of the first mobile network indicates a level of trustworthiness of the first mobile network.

Abstract: There are provided measures for enabling/realizing FRER support of a wireless communication system operable as a TSN bridge, such as e.g. FRER support of a 5GS TSN bridge. Such measures exemplarily comprise configuration of a wireless communication system operable as a TSN bridge, such as e.g. a 5GS TSN bridge, for supporting FRER functionality, wherein parameters relating to a stream identification function and at least one of a stream splitting function and a sequence recovery function are extracted from a FRER configuration, at least one network entity is identified, and FRER-related configuration information is provided for the identified at least one network entity, including at last part of the extracted parameters, for enabling realization of the stream identification function and the at least one of the stream splitting function and the sequence recovery function.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to: transmit, to an analytics producing entity, an indication to perform action impact analysis for a machine learning model; receive, from the analytics producing entity, a message comprising at least one of: analytics, a prediction, or a recommendation from the machine learning model; select at least one action based, at least partially, on the received message; enforce the at least one selected action; obtain an action impact analysis for the at least one enforced action and the machine learning model; evaluate the action impact analysis; and determine whether to request a change regarding the machine learning model in response to the evaluation of the action impact analysis.

Abstract: There is provided a method for a core network apparatus, the method including receiving data units from at least one network access apparatus, wherein each data unit is labelled with a respective priority level; and withholding from transmitting a data unit labelled with a relatively low priority level in accordance with a predetermined schedule, wherein the predetermined schedule is dependent on a slot timing for data arriving at the at least one network access apparatus for communication upstream and a predetermined delay time in forwarding the data from the at least one network access apparatus to the core network apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing computer program code. The memory and the computer program code are configured, with the processor, to cause the apparatus to perform operating as a bridge in a time sensitive network system and providing functionality for assisting exchange of information of bridge managed objects between the apparatus and the time sensitive network system.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising triggering a terminal of a wireless network to establish a control session to a translator device via the wireless network; providing a control port to a station of a wireline network; forwarding at least one of a first message from the station received on the control port via the control session to the translator device and a second message received via the control session from the translator device to the station.

Abstract: A method including obtaining parameters for a flow from a first network through a second network, the parameters including: a maximum protocol data unit volume PDUVmax in the first network, a maximum flow bit rate MFBR in the second network, a guaranteed flow bit rate GFBR in the second network, and a maximum protocol data unit delay budget in the second network; deriving from the obtained parameters: a maximum delay a packet of the flow experiences in the second network, wherein the maximum delay is a sum of a maximum PDUVmax dependent contribution and a maximum PDUVmax independent contribution, a minimum delay the packet experiences in the second network, wherein the minimum delay is a sum of a minimum PDUVmax dependent contribution and a minimum PDUVmax independent contribution.

Abstract: A UE transmits a capability message to an access node in a wireless network, indicating capability corresponding to ML of the UE at a current time instance. The UE receives a configuration message for radio measurements, indicating set(s) of parameters to be measured. The UE receives a configured capability in a message and matches the configured capability with the capability of the user equipment at the current time instance. The UE measures the set(s) of parameters. The UE uses ML to infer value(s) for at least one of the parameters based on the measured set(s) of parameters and based on the received configured capability. The UE reports the inferred value(s) for the at least one parameter. An access node receives the capability message, determines and sends the configuration message and configured capability receives the reporting.

Abstract: There are provided measures for trust related management of artificial intelligence or machine learning pipelines in relation to the trustworthiness factor “explainability”. Such measures exemplarily comprise, at a first network entity managing artificial intelligence or machine learning trustworthiness in a network, transmitting a first artificial intelligence or machine learning trustworthiness related message towards a second network entity managing artificial intelligence or machine learning trustworthiness in an artificial intelligence or machine learning pipeline in said network, and receiving a second artificial intelligence or machine learning trustworthiness related message from said second network entity.

Abstract: A UE transmits a capability message to an access node in a wireless network, indicating capability corresponding to ML of the UE at a current time instance. The UE receives a configuration message for radio measurements, indicating set(s) of parameters to be measured. The UE receives a configured capability in a message and matches the configured capability with the capability of the user equipment at the current time instance. The UE measures the set(s) of parameters. The UE uses ML to infer value(s) for at least one of the parameters based on the measured set(s) of parameters and based on the received configured capability. The UE reports the inferred value(s) for the at least one parameter. An access node receives the capability message, determines and sends the configuration message and configured capability receives the reporting.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus comprising means for: translating between a first communication apparatus and a first wireless communication network operating as at least part of a bridge between the first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus; determining that the first and/or second communication apparatus is undergoing or has undergone a mobility event; and executing at least part of a mobility procedure resulting from the mobility event.

Abstract: Information regarding disjoint transport paths of a transport network is acquired (S501). Based on the acquired information, a user plane node of a plurality of user plane nodes of a core network is selected (S503), from which at least one of the disjoint transport paths is reachable, wherein the user plane node is selected as an endpoint of at least one tunnel out of at least two tunnels to be established for a packet data unit, PDU, session to carry traffic between the user plane node and an access node of an access network, wherein the at least two tunnels are to be set up by mapping the at least two tunnels to the disjoint transport paths.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products for transparent integration of a wireless network (e.g., a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network) into a wireline network (e.g., a time sensitive networking (TSN) network) are provided. A method, system, and apparatus may receive, at a networking translator, a notification trigger related to a protocol data unit session from a networking translator client or a network function of a communication network. The method, system, and apparatus may cause transmission, at the networking translator, of notification information to a network controller of the communication network according to an interface.

Abstract: An apparatus (113) comprising means for performing: receiving one or more forwarding tables from a centralized network configuration entity (101) of a time sensitive network, wherein the forwarding tables comprise entry information; and determining, based at least in part on the one or more forwarding tables, rules for mapping at least one uplink data stream of the time sensitive network to at least one of: a protocol data unit session (135, 137) and a quality of service flow (129, 131, 133).

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: identify (702, 704, 706, 708, 710) a stream gate instance associated with a quality of service flow; and determine (712) time sensitive communication assistance information for the quality of service flow based on one or more parameters defining operation of the stream gate instance.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus comprising means for performing operating as a bridge (104) in a time sensitive network system (100, 102, 106). The apparatus further comprise means for providing functionality for assisting exchange of information of bridge managed objects between the apparatus and the time sensitive network system (100, 102, 106).