Abstract: A method includes retrieving information comprising at least one of configuration management, CM, data and performance management, PM, data of predetermined cloud based Radio Access network, RAN, entities or functions, or resource types in the predetermined cloud based RAN entities or functions, or capabilities of resource types in the predetermined cloud based RAN entities or functions, or location information of the predetermined cloud based RAN entities or functions; from the retrieved information and from among the predetermined cloud based RAN entities or functions, deriving a proximal computing capability table for a source cloud based RAN entity or function in a proximity of target cloud based RAN entities or functions, the derivation based on a proximity analysis; and providing the derived proximal computing capability table, wherein the proximal computing capability table is a neighbour relation table.

Abstract: Various examples of embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatuses for improving possibilities for saving energy in a network. One such example of an embodiment relates to an apparatus, which comprises means for deriving at least one energy saving measure involving at least one user equipment, wherein the energy saving measure comprises varying the quality of service for the at least one user equipment in order to adjust energy consumption in a network, and means for sending a notification comprising at least one derived energy saving measure to a network element.

Abstract: A first apparatus and a second apparatus (128) that are configured to manage or orchestrate network resources, or network services, or a machine learning model, or a composition of a machine learning model for a first stakeholder and a second stakeholder respectively, and first method comprising receiving, at the first apparatus (120), a requirement regarding a network intent, or for a network resource, or a network service, or a machine learning model, or a composition of a machine learning model, determining, at the first apparatus (120), a message regarding the requirement, sending the message to the second apparatus (128), and a second method comprising receiving, from the first apparatus (120) a first message regarding a requirement, and sending a second message regarding the requirement, to the first apparatus (120) or a first message regarding a network intent, and sending a second message regarding the network intent to the first apparatus (120).

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus comprising means for: receiving a request to offload at least one inference step of a ML model for an application to a host node of a network comprising a plurality of host nodes, acquiring first information related to the application, acquiring second information related to the ML model, acquiring third information related to at least one host node, wherein the third information comprises at least an indication of a carbon emission footprint associated with at least one host node, determining, based on the first information, the second information and the third information, at least one deployment option of at least one inference step to offload on at least one host node and providing an indication of the determined at least one deployment option to the second entity from the first entity.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for use by a network agent element or function to conduct link layer information related processing. The apparatus is caused to receive first link layer related information from a neighboring network element or function, forward second link layer related information to a communication network control element or function, receive third link layer related information from a communication network control element or function, and forward fourth link layer related information to a neighboring network element or function. The second and fourth link layer related information are generated using first and third link layer related information, respectively. The second and third link layer related information is received and forwarded via a wireless connection path of a wireless communication network. The apparatus is connected to or part of the/or communication element or function, a communication network control element or function and a communication network data element or function.

Abstract: An apparatus for use by a communication network control element or communication network control function acting as an operation and maintenance entity of a communication network, the apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to obtain energy type data related to an energy supply of at least a part of the communication network, to conduct a first mapping process of mapping the obtained energy type data to at least one network element or network function of the communication network or to at least one communication operation conducted in the communication network, and to process a result of the first mapping process for conducting a report operation or network optimization operation based on the energy type data.

Abstract: A method, executable by a first network entity or function associated to a network, wherein the first network entity or function has an interface configured to receive information in relation to an artificial intelligence, AI, trustworthiness level from a network management entity or function associated to the network and a second network entity or function associated to the network, has an interface configured to receive information in relation to an AI service level from the network management entity or function, the method comprising communicating with the second network entity or function via an interface established between the first network entity or function and the second network entity or function.

Abstract: An apparatus for use by a communication network element or communication network function acting as an artificial intelligence, AI, machine learning, ML, management service consumer, the apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to request an AI/ML energy consumption related parameter from an AI/ML management service producer offering services related to at least one AI/ML entity, to receive, from the AI/ML management service producer, the requested AI/ML energy consumption related parameter, and to process the AI/ML energy consumption related parameter for deriving an energy saving strategy considering the AI/ML energy consumption related parameter.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for use by a network agent element or function to conduct link layer information related processing. The apparatus is caused to receive first link layer related information from a neighboring network element or function, forward second link layer related information to a communication network control element or function, receive third link layer related information from a communication network control element or function, and forward fourth link layer related information to a neighboring network element or function. The second and fourth link layer related information are generated using first and third link layer related information, respectively. The second and third link layer related information is received and forwarded via a wireless connection path of a wireless communication network. The apparatus is connected to or part of the/or communication element or function, a communication network control element or function and a communication network data element or function.

Abstract: It is provided a method comprising monitoring if a reservation request is received from a controller, wherein the reservation request requests to reserve resources for a data session having a first quality of service; translating the reservation request into a request for providing a data session of a wireless network having a requested quality of service corresponding to the first quality of service if the reservation request is received; forwarding the request for providing the data session to the wireless network; translating an indication of a provided quality of service of the data session comprised in a response to the request for providing the data session received from the wireless network into an indication of a reserved quality of service corresponding to the provided quality of service; responding to the reservation request by a reservation response; wherein the reservation response comprises the indication of the reserved quality of service.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising qualitatively checking if an infrastructure provides all features required to fulfill a request to set up a network slice instance; quantitatively checking if an available capacity of the infrastructure is sufficient to fulfill the request to set up the network slice instance; inhibiting the quantitative checking if, according to the qualitative checking, the infrastructure does not provide all the features required to fulfill the request to set up the network slice instance.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for a 3GPP bridge for time sensitive networks. In some example embodiment, there may be provided an apparatus causes to at least: receive at least one management object, the at least one management object comprising routing information between an ingress port at a 3GPP bridge and an egress port at the 3 GPP bridge; determine, for the ingress port and the egress port combination, at least one quality of service constraint to provide a delay guarantee towards a destination media access control address, the determination based on the received at least one management object and one or more bridge delays indicating a delay between the ingress port and the egress port; and cause a change, based on the determined at least one quality of service constraint, to a protocol data unit session carrying a time sensitive network flow.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: identify (702, 704, 706, 708, 710) a stream gate instance associated with a quality of service flow; and determine (712) time sensitive communication assistance information for the quality of service flow based on one or more parameters defining operation of the stream gate instance.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method. The method comprises, in response to a request from an inference consumer for inference data samples, obtaining inference data samples using a machine learning model. The method further comprises querying the obtained data samples to generate a filtered set of data samples. The method further comprises sending the filtered set of data samples to a training entity for training the machine learning model. The method further comprises sending the obtained inference data samples to the inference consumer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for. A method comprises, collecting information on messages exchanged between a first mobile network and a second mobile network during a time period; and determining a trust indication of the first mobile network at least based on the collected information. The trust indication of the first mobile network indicates a level of trustworthiness of the first mobile network.

Abstract: There are provided measures for enabling/realizing FRER support of a wireless communication system operable as a TSN bridge, such as e.g. FRER support of a 5GS TSN bridge. Such measures exemplarily comprise configuration of a wireless communication system operable as a TSN bridge, such as e.g. a 5GS TSN bridge, for supporting FRER functionality, wherein parameters relating to a stream identification function and at least one of a stream splitting function and a sequence recovery function are extracted from a FRER configuration, at least one network entity is identified, and FRER-related configuration information is provided for the identified at least one network entity, including at last part of the extracted parameters, for enabling realization of the stream identification function and the at least one of the stream splitting function and the sequence recovery function.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to: transmit, to an analytics producing entity, an indication to perform action impact analysis for a machine learning model; receive, from the analytics producing entity, a message comprising at least one of: analytics, a prediction, or a recommendation from the machine learning model; select at least one action based, at least partially, on the received message; enforce the at least one selected action; obtain an action impact analysis for the at least one enforced action and the machine learning model; evaluate the action impact analysis; and determine whether to request a change regarding the machine learning model in response to the evaluation of the action impact analysis.

Abstract: There is provided a method for a core network apparatus, the method including receiving data units from at least one network access apparatus, wherein each data unit is labelled with a respective priority level; and withholding from transmitting a data unit labelled with a relatively low priority level in accordance with a predetermined schedule, wherein the predetermined schedule is dependent on a slot timing for data arriving at the at least one network access apparatus for communication upstream and a predetermined delay time in forwarding the data from the at least one network access apparatus to the core network apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing computer program code. The memory and the computer program code are configured, with the processor, to cause the apparatus to perform operating as a bridge in a time sensitive network system and providing functionality for assisting exchange of information of bridge managed objects between the apparatus and the time sensitive network system.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising triggering a terminal of a wireless network to establish a control session to a translator device via the wireless network; providing a control port to a station of a wireline network; forwarding at least one of a first message from the station received on the control port via the control session to the translator device and a second message received via the control session from the translator device to the station.