Abstract: A system and method for sizing defects in solid structures using guided waves. The system includes a magnetostrictive-strip EMAT transducer comprising at least one biasing static magnetic field, at least one RF coil for fixed-wavelength measurements, at least one RF coil for variable-wavelength measurements, and a strip of highly magnetostrictive material that is coupled with the structure. The fixed-wavelength RF coil permits obtaining measurements of amplitude and frequency content of signals reflected and/or attenuated when traveling through the structure which are used to estimate the size and geometry of any defects in this structure. The variable-wavelength RF coil permits recording the frequencies that are cut off or pass through the structure to also estimate the size of any defects in the structure. The fixed-wavelength sizing and geometry assessment is used to determine whether the variable-wavelength estimate is valid.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the inspection of train wheels while mounted on a train that is moving on a railroad track. A magnetostrictive EMAT transducer is built using an RF Coil, a static biasing magnetic field, and a strip of highly magnetostrictive material. This magnetostrictive EMAT transducer is subsequently attached to a rail on the track so the wheel tread of the moving train can contact and apply downward pressure on the magnetostrictive EMAT transducer. A mechanism under the transducer provides enough counterforce to pressure-couple the transducer with the tread of the wheel. Once the transducer is ultrasonically coupled with the wheel, an ultrasonic instrument sends a pulse to the transducer generating a Shear Horizontal wave that travels circumferentially following the tread body. The Shear Horizontal wave generated with this magnetostrictive strip EMAT transducer penetrates deep into the wheel tread and permits detection of both surface and internal defects.

Abstract: Provided herein is an inhibitor compound targeting Hip1, with the inhibitor compound comprising a tripeptide targeting sequence that directs the compound to the active site of Hip1 and a C-terminal electrophilic warhead conjugated to the targeting sequence, the warhead configured to inactive the enzyme.

Abstract: A system comprising a motorized scanner, a magnetostrictive EMAT sensor, and a mechanism to pressure-couple the sensor against the structure that is going to be ultrasonically inspected. The magnetostrictive EMAT sensor includes a magnet or magnets to provide a biasing field, an EMAT RF coil or coils to generate the RF field, a magnetostrictive strip under the coil or coils where the ultrasound is generated. Different magnet and coil configurations can be used to generate guided waves, such as shear horizontal and lamb waves, or bulk waves at different angles. The motorized scanner moves the sensor on the structure and stops at the desired inspection locations based on position readings. Once in position, a built-in device applies downward pressure on the sensor to pressure couple the magnetostrictive strip against the structure so the ultrasound can propagate within this structure and ultrasonic readings can be taken.

Abstract: A system for non-destructive inspection that generates Shear Horizontal waves in phased array configuration using an Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT). The system includes an EMAT transducer with a plurality of elements made of individually wound elements under a single magnetic field, and an instrument to pulse, receive and record the signals from each element separately. Each wired element in the array generates shear waves perpendicularly to the coil windings which radiate around the elements' long axis. By phasing the pulsing and receiving of the individual elements, the beam can be electronically focused at different angles in the component from 0° to +/?90°. The compact distribution of the array permit using relatively high frequencies without generating deleterious grating lobes.

Abstract: A system comprising a motorized scanner, a magnetostrictive EMAT sensor, and a mechanism to pressure-couple the sensor against the structure that is going to be ultrasonically inspected. The magnetostrictive EMAT sensor includes a magnet or magnets to provide a biasing field, an EMAT RF coil or coils to generate the RF field, a magnetostrictive strip under the coil or coils where the ultrasound is generated. Different magnet and coil configurations can be used to generate guided waves, such as shear horizontal and lamb waves, or bulk waves at different angles. The motorized scanner moves the sensor on the structure and stops at the desired inspection locations based on position readings. Once in position, a built-in device applies downward pressure on the sensor to pressure couple the magnetostrictive strip against the structure so the ultrasound can propagate within this structure and ultrasonic readings can be taken.

Abstract: An EMAT ultrasonic system for non-destructive testing that comprises a layer of magnetostrictive material with low magnetocrystalline anisotropy bonded to the surface of the component where the ultrasound is being generated, an EMAT transducer capable of radiating a shear horizontal wave orthogonally to the entry plane on this magnetostrictive layer, and an instrument connected to the transducer capable of transmitting and receiving EMAT signals and provide measurements of time, amplitude and frequency response. The transducer is designed to generate shear horizontal waves that radiate normal to the surface, and can be deployed as a single element or in phased array. The transducer can work in either pulse-echo (same transmitter and receiver) or pitch-catch (different transmitter and receiver).

Abstract: Crane of a wind turbine (200), comprising a fixed part (1), a pivoting part (2) which is attached with rotational freedom to the fixed part (1), a support (3) which is attached to the pivoting part (2), a winch (4), a wiring system between the winch (4) and the support (3), and a guide for guiding the wiring system along its path. The wiring system comprises a single wire (6), and the guide comprises a pulley (52) in the fixed part (1) for guiding it through said fixed part (1), and a pulley (53) in the pivoting part (2) for guiding it through said pivoting part (2). The wire (6) comprises a section (60) between the two pulleys (52, 53), which goes through the center of rotation of the pivoting part (2) with respect to the fixed part (1) connecting both parts (1, 2).

Abstract: An inspection system includes a magnetostrictive scanner probe, a ferromagnetic strip, at least one magnet, and a processor. The magnetostrictive scanner probe includes a probe body for supporting at least one flexible sensor coil and a position encoder. The ferromagnetic strip is configured to be coupled to a structure, and the at least one magnet is configured to apply a biasing magnetization to the ferromagnetic strip. The processor is configured to cause a time-varying current to be generated in the at least one flexible sensor coil to induce a time-varying magnetization in said ferromagnetic strip perpendicular to said biasing magnetization to generate shear horizontal-type guided wave energy into said structure, and process reflected shear horizontal-type guided wave energy received by the at least one flexible sensor coil as the probe is moved relative to said structure to generate at least one two-dimensional image of a region of said structure.

Abstract: Novel intermediates for the complete synthesis of vitamin D are provided that allow a great versatility of functional groups in the final vitamin derivatives. Vitamin derivatives that are epimeric in position 3 and vitamin derivatives with a wide range of functionalities in position 18, including compounds with isotopic labelling are provided.

Abstract: Crane of a wind turbine (200), comprising a fixed part (1), a pivoting part (2) which is attached with rotational freedom to the fixed part (1), a support (3) which is attached to the pivoting part (2), a winch (4), a wiring system between the winch (4) and the support (3), and a guide for guiding the wiring system along its path. The wiring system comprises a single wire (6), and the guide comprises a pulley (52) in the fixed part (1) for guiding it through said fixed part (1), and a pulley (53) in the pivoting part (2) for guiding it through said pivoting part (2). The wire (6) comprises a section (60) between the two pulleys (52, 53), which goes through the center of rotation of the pivoting part (2) with respect to the fixed part (1) connecting both parts (1, 2).

Abstract: An inspection system includes a magnetostrictive scanner probe, a ferromagnetic strip, at least one magnet, and a processor. The magnetostrictive scanner probe includes a probe body for supporting at least one flexible sensor coil and a position encoder. The ferromagnetic strip is configured to be coupled to a structure, and the at least one magnet is configured to apply a biasing magnetization to the ferromagnetic strip. The processor is configured to cause a time-varying current to be generated in the at least one flexible sensor coil to induce a time-varying magnetization in said ferromagnetic strip perpendicular to said biasing magnetization to generate shear horizontal-type guided wave energy into said structure, and process reflected shear horizontal-type guided wave energy received by the at least one flexible sensor coil as the probe is moved relative to said structure to generate at least one two-dimensional image of a region of said structure.

Abstract: Novel intermediates for the complete synthesis of vitamin D are provided that allow a great versatility of functional groups in the final vitamin derivatives. Vitamin derivatives that are epimeric in position 3 and vitamin derivatives with a wide range of functionalities in position 18, including compounds with isotopic labelling are provided.

Abstract: An EMAT that generates horizontally polarized shear ultrasonic waves is combined with a PZT that generates longitudinal ultrasonic waves to provide simultaneous or sequential inspection of a test component material for improved accuracy in estimating properties of the material or detecting and estimating the dimensions of defects in the material. The transducer combination is constructed so that the EMAT and PZT elements are concentric and therefore interrogate approximately the same volume of the test component material. Nonferromagnetic insulators, such as elastomers, are installed on the bottom surface of PZT component to increase the transmission and reception the ultrasonic waves into the test component. Ferromagnetic, acoustic-absorbing materials are installed on the top surface of the EMAT coil component to minimize generation of ultrasonic waves in the bias magnet.

Abstract: An EMAT that generates horizontally polarized shear ultrasonic waves is combined with a PZT that generates longitudinal ultrasonic waves to provide simultaneous or sequential inspection of a test component material for improved accuracy in estimating properties of the material or detecting and estimating the dimensions of defects in the material. The transducer combination is constructed so that the EMAT and PZT elements are concentric and therefore interrogate approximately the same volume of the test component material. Nonferromagnetic insulators, such as elastomers, are installed on the bottom surface of PZT component to increase the transmission and reception the ultrasonic waves into the test component. Ferromagnetic, acoustic-absorbing materials are installed on the top surface of the EMAT coil component to minimize generation of ultrasonic waves in the bias magnet.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the design, arrangement and fabrication of arrays of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) for detection and monitoring of defects in metal components while they are being used in service. Emphasis is placed on printed circuit sensor coil designs that are attached to and covered with thin, flexible and insulating substrates. This laminated construction with additional means for electrical and thermal insulation, radiation heat shielding and simple cooling provides for consistent and reliable EMAT performance in monitoring components at elevated temperatures. The arrays include circular spiral coils, elongated spiral (racetrack) coils and rectangular spiral coils. Also described are arrays of dual-rectangular (butterfly) coils, meander coils and trapezoidal coils. Various assembly designs for the attachment of bias magnets are described.