Abstract: An electronic device includes a resonant circuit and an evaluation circuit. The resonant circuit includes an acceleration-sensitive sensor which is excited to vibrate during a testing phase of the acceleration-sensitive sensor. The evaluation circuit is coupled to the resonant circuit to determine a performance reliability of the acceleration-sensitive sensor.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a metallic membrane and a frame. For detecting the deflection of the membrane, a silicon bridge element having piezoresistive resistor elements is arranged on the membrane and the frame.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor having a piezoelectric sensor element, which is supported as a flexural resonator in a holding module and whose electrodes are connected to an evaluation circuit. The holding module mechanically fixes the sensor element in position and provides, at the same time, for its electrical contacting.

Abstract: A sensor device has a quartz tuning fork and an analysis circuit arranged on a common board inside a common housing. The quartz tuning fork has its own, second housing within the common housing for acoustically decoupling the tuning fork from the analysis circuit. The second housing also has an opening for equalizing the pressure and temperature between the second housing and the rest of the common housing. The analysis circuit, which is connected via the electrical wires to the quartz tuning fork, performs linearization, signal amplification and elimination of environmental influences on the signals emitted by the quartz tuning fork. The signals processed by the analysis circuit are further transmitted via common housing's electrical contacts to external elements. Because of the physical proximity of the quartz tuning fork and the analysis circuit, interference attributable to electrical connections between the two elements is minimized.

Abstract: A piezoelectric force sensor includes a piezoelectric plate, with one electrode on each of the top and bottom sides of the plate. One of the electrodes is electrically connected via a conductor to a contact pad. In the case that the piezoelectric plate experiences breakage, the conductor is broken, and the remaining residual capacitance of the conductor and contact pad becomes so comparatively small that the breakage can be reliably detected.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor, which is particularly adapted for use in motor vehicles, is improved by structuring it to be readily testable, to assure reliability before installation. The acceleration sensor has a piezo element (1), which consists of at least two piezo-electric plates (2) placed on top of each other, the piezo-electrical polarization of which is oriented in opposite directions. At least two electrodes (9) are placed on each of the topside (7) and the underside (8) of the piezo element (1). For testing the sensor, the piezo element is deformed by the application of an electrical voltage to electrodes (9) of a first lateral portion (11a) of the piezo element. This deformation is detected by means of a deformation-generated voltage at the electrodes (9) of a second lateral portion (11b) of the piezo element.

Abstract: A mass flow sensor includes a measuring element arranged on a membrane that is clamped in a frame. The sensor is formed by introducing a recess into a silicon wafer. Through the application of a recess having perpendicular walls, the thickness of the frame can be reduced, thus allowing the required surface area of the wafer to also be reduced.

Abstract: A mass-flow sensor includes a measuring element on a membrane and a media-temperature measuring element on a separate membrane. By configuring the media-temperature measuring element on a membrane, the mass-flow sensor quickly reacts to changes in the temperature of the flowing medium.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring the mixture ratio of liquids, particularly of fuel mixtures, comprises a measuring cell, which has a cavity with one inlet and one outlet. The liquid is directed through the cavity, whereby regions of the inner wall of the cavity are electrically conductive and, together with at least one additional electrically conductive surface, form a capacitor, which is a component of an evaluation circuit. The measuring cell is manufactured from at least two ceramic carriers, which are connected by way of at least one connection layer to form a layer arrangement. The cavity is produced between the ceramic carriers as the result of the lack of at least one connection layer in certain regions. In each case, at least one electrode is applied, in the vicinity of the cavity, to the ceramic carrier delimiting the cavity using thick-film technology.

Abstract: A sensor is proposed which is used for detecting the acceleration and the inclination of a movable object (10), in particular a motor vehicle. A bubble level (11) is fixed on the object (10). The bubble level (11) comprises a housing (12), a liquid (16) contained in the housing (12) and a gas bubble (17) contained in the housing (12). The liquid (16) and the gas bubble (17) together completely fill the hollow chamber (15) enclosed by the housing (12), so that the gas bubble (17) is not completely enclosed by the liquid (16), but lies against the interior of the housing (12), so that the surface separating the liquid and the gas pushes against the interior of the housing (12). The gas bubble (17) is in an initial position inside the housing (12) when the acceleration and the inclination of the bubble level (11) are equal to zero or their effects are mutually canceled out.

Abstract: A sensor (10) for measurement of acceleration and/or tilt of a movable object, particularly a motor vehicle, features an interior space (12) partially filled with fluid (15). Within that space, at least two heatable, temperature-sensitive electrical circuit elements are arranged so that, in a rest or initial position of the sensor, they are equally covered or wetted by the fluid. If the acceleration and tilt of the movable object are both zero, or the two cancel each other out, the sensor reading is zero. If this is not the case, the acceleration or tilt leads to a differing degree of coverage or wetting of the at least two circuit elements, and thus to a non-zero sensor reading.

Abstract: A gas sensor device has a carrier plate of ceramic or glass. The carrier has apertures which leave only strips in a spiral configuration connecting a middle region of the carrier to the outer region thereof. The apertures may be mere slits separating the connection strips or they may be apertures providing larger air gaps. On each middle region so provided on the carrier a sensor element is located that has two electrodes and a sensitive layer which establishes a conducting connection between the electrodes. The electrodes and the sensitive layer are directly applied to the upper surface of the middle region. The two electrodes are comb shaped and are placed in inter-digital configuration to define a meandering gap between them. On the underside of the middle region of the carrier a heating element for the sensor element is provided and, if desired, also a temperature measuring resistance for regulating the temperature produced by a heating resistor.

Abstract: A device for measuring a flowing air quantity is proposed which comprises a sensor element which is exposed to the flowing air, is constructed in thick-film technology and contains a heating film resistor (R.sub.H), which is arranged on an insulating substrate (10) and through which current flows, and a sensor film resistor (R.sub.S) which is likewise arranged on the insulating substrate (10), serves to sense the temperature of the heating film resistor (R.sub.H) and is a component of a bridge circuit. The heating film resistor (R.sub.H) and the sensor film resistor (R.sub.S), separated from one another by an intermediate film (13) which is a good conductor of heat but is electrically insulating, are accommodated in a bubble (11) which is made of ceramic material, in particular of glass ceramic, and is arched on the insulating substrate (10). The thin diaphragm (14) made of a ceramic material ensures effective thermal uncoupling of the film resistors (R.sub.H, R.sub.S) from the insulating substrate (10).

Abstract: A fast-responding temperature sensor, for measuring temperature of a medium, features a resistance element (12) formed as a film on an insulating substrate (10). The resistance element is disposed in a bubble or dome (11) of ceramic, preferably glass ceramic, which is formed on, and bowed with respect to, the insulating substrate (10).

Abstract: In an acceleration pick-up (11), the bending spring (13) is a substrate plate, e.g. produced from Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, which is arranged at one side on an elevated portion (12) of a support (10) produced from mechanically rigid material. Accordingly, the resistors (19 to 22) and particularly the evaluating circuit (24) on an elevated portion (12) of the support (10) can be arranged jointly on the bending spring (13) and applied in a single work step using thick-film technology. In addition, a cut out portion (14) is formed in the bending spring (13), so that two bending webs (15, 16) can be formed at the greatest possible distance from one another. Two of the resistors (19, 21) are arranged on the bending webs (15, 16) and one of the remaining resistors (20, 22) is arranged in the area of the cut out portion (14). Accordingly, an electrical monitoring of the mechanical state of the bending spring (13) is made possible.

Abstract: A support for sensor elements, especially temperature, throughflow or chemical sensors, comprises a supporting element composed of a ceramic material and having at least one throughgoing opening, a thin ceramic foil arranged on the supporting element so as to cover the opening to support a sensor element in the region of the opening.

Abstract: An acceleration pickup for releasing occupant protecting devices in power vehicles has a housing, a ceramic plate which acts as a bending spring and is clamped at its one end in the housing, and expansion-sensitive resistances arranged in the ceramic plate. The housing is composed of several layers of ceramic structural parts and is produced by a thick film technique.

Abstract: The bypass element is connected in parallel with a single battery cell or a group of battery cells of a high-temperature storage battery including a plurality of series-connected electrochemical battery cells and is used both for balancing the charging state of undamaged battery cells and for the irreversible bypassing of destroyed cells which have failed with high impedance. The bypass element includes two series-connected semiconductor components, in particular semiconductor diodes, varistors or NTC resistances in each case having a different current/voltage characteristic or curve. In the event of potentiostatic overcharging of a battery cell, the first semiconductor component goes to low impedance so that the current flow necessary for charging further battery cells is determined only by the leakage current of the second semiconductor component. If a destroyed battery cell fails with high impedance, both semiconductor components break down and irreversibly short-circuit the cell with a low impedance.

Abstract: A shunting element includes two terminal elements for bridging an electrical component, at least one semiconductor component, and at least one electrically conducting layer connecting the semiconductor component to the two terminal elements, the electrically conducting layer being alloyed with the semiconductor component to form a shorting element upon the passage of a current which increases the temperature in the electrically conducting layer and in the semiconductor component to a given value.

Abstract: Insulating device for high and low temperatures with at least one insulating material, characterized by the feature that the insulating material is formed at least in part of total reflecting fibers.