Abstract: Produced water is pre-treated to remove oil and solids. After pre-treatment, the produced water is distilled to produce a brine and a distillate. The distillate is processed to reduce a concentration of ammonia and a concentration of volatile organics present in the distillate. The treated water can, for example, be used as irrigation and agricultural water, aquifer replenishment, industrial use, freshwater for supporting oil and gas operations, or any combinations of these.

Abstract: A method for treating produced water in a system for treating wastewater is disclosed. The system includes a reverse osmosis unit for removing dissolved solids. The reverse osmosis unit produces a permeate and concentrate. To reduce the fouling potential of the membranes associated with the reverse osmosis unit and/or to increase membrane lifetime and/or to increase system recovery, at least a portion of the concentrate is recycled and mixed with the wastewater stream at a point upstream of the reverse osmosis unit.

Abstract: A method for treating produced water in a system for treating wastewater is disclosed. The system includes a reverse osmosis unit for removing dissolved solids. The reverse osmosis unit produces a permeate and concentrate. To reduce the fouling potential of the membranes associated with the reverse osmosis unit and/or to increase membrane lifetime and/or to increase system recovery, at least a portion of the concentrate is recycled and mixed with the wastewater stream at a point upstream of the reverse osmosis unit.

Abstract: A method of treating produced water, such as frac flowback, that includes pre-treating the produced water which is followed by a crystallization process that produces a condensate that typically includes ammonia and benzene. The ammonia and benzene concentration is reduced by biologically nitrifying and denitrifying the condensate. This produces an effluent that is directed to a solids-liquid separation process that removes suspended solids. The solids-liquid separation process produces another effluent that is subjected to a benzene polishing process that further reduces the benzene concentration of the effluent produced by the solids-liquid separation process.

Abstract: A method of treating produced water, such as frac flowback, that includes pre-treating the produced water which is followed by a crystallization process that produces a condensate that typically includes ammonia and benzene. The ammonia and benzene concentration is reduced by biologically nitrifying and denitrifying the condensate. This produces an effluent that is directed to a solids-liquid separation process that removes suspended solids. The solids-liquid separation process produces another effluent that is subjected to a benzene polishing process that further reduces the benzene concentration of the effluent produced by the solids-liquid separation process.

Abstract: A method of recovering oil from an oil-bearing formation including recovering an oil-water mixture from the oil-bearing formation and separating produced water from the oil-water mixture. The produced water includes phosphonate anti-scalant compounds. An oxidant is mixed with the produced water to deactivate the phosphonate anti-scalant compounds, thereby permitting dissolved solids in the produced water to precipitate. After deactivating the phosphonate anti-scalant compounds, the produced water is directed into a ceramic membrane which filters the produced water, producing a permeate stream and a retentate stream having suspended solids and precipitants therein.