Abstract: An electrosurgical generator is disclosed. The generator includes an RF output stage configured to generate at least one electrosurgical waveform including a plurality of cycles; at least one sensor coupled to the RF output stage, the at least one sensor configured to measure a voltage and a current of the at least one electrosurgical waveform; and a controller coupled to the at least one sensor and the RF output stage, the controller including a proportional-integral-derivative controller having at least one of voltage limiter or a current limiter, the proportional-integral-derivative controller configured to saturate the RF output stage based on voltage-current characteristics of the RF output stage.

Abstract: A patient monitoring system may receive a physiological signal such as a photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal. The PPG signal may include a pulsatile component that functions as a carrier signal and an amplitude modulation component that represents respiration information. The patient monitoring system may move the amplitude modulation component to a baseline component of the PPG signal. Respiration information may be calculated based on the amplitude modulation component.

Abstract: A test unit may generate a pulse signal based on a pulsatile profile and a frequency modulation component of a respiratory profile. A respiration modulated signal may be generated from the pulse signal, an amplitude modulation component, and a baseline modulation component. A patient modulated signal may be generated based on the respiration modulated signal and a patient profile. The artificial PPG signal may be generated based on the patient modulated signal and an artifact profile. The artificial PPG signal may be output to an electronic device.

Abstract: According to embodiments, techniques for estimating scalogram energy values in a wedge region of a scalogram are disclosed. A pulse oximetry system including a sensor or probe may be used to receive a photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal from a patient or subject. A scalogram, corresponding to the obtained PPG signal, may be determined. In an arrangement, energy values in the wedge region of the scalogram may be estimated by calculating a set of estimation locations in the wedge region and estimating scalogram energy values at each location. In an arrangement, scalogram energy values may be estimated based on an estimation scheme and by combining scalogram values in a vicinity region. In an arrangement, the vicinity region may include energy values in a resolved region of the scalogram and previously estimated energy values in the wedge region of the scalogram. In an arrangement, one or more signal parameters may be determined based on the resolved and estimated values of the scalogram.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator is disclosed. The generator includes an RF output stage configured to generate at least one electrosurgical waveform including a plurality of cycles; at least one sensor coupled to the RF output stage, the at least one sensor configured to measure a voltage and a current of the at least one electrosurgical waveform; and a controller coupled to the at least one sensor and the RF output stage, the controller including a proportional-integral-derivative controller having at least one of voltage limiter or a current limiter, the proportional-integral-derivative controller configured to saturate the RF output stage based on voltage-current characteristics of the RF output stage.

Abstract: A test unit may generate a pulse signal based on a pulsatile profile and a frequency modulation component of a respiratory profile. A respiration modulated signal may be generated from the pulse signal, an amplitude modulation component, and a baseline modulation component. A patient modulated signal may be generated based on the respiration modulated signal and a patient profile. The artificial PPG signal may be generated based on the patient modulated signal and an artifact profile. The artificial PPG signal may be output to an electronic device.

Abstract: A patient monitoring system may receive a physiological signal such as a photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal. The PPG signal may include a pulsatile component that functions as a carrier signal and an amplitude modulation component that represents respiration information. The patient monitoring system may move the amplitude modulation component to a baseline component of the PPG signal. Respiration information may be calculated based on the amplitude modulation component.

Abstract: A patient monitoring system may receive a physiological signal such as a photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal. The PPG signal may include a pulsatile component that functions as a carrier signal and a frequency modulation component that represents respiration information. The patient monitoring system may more the frequency modulation component to a baseline component of the PPG signal. Respiration information may be calculated based on the frequency modulation component.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, techniques for estimating scalogram energy values in a wedge region of a scalogram are disclosed. A pulse oximetry system including a sensor or probe may be used to receive a photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal from a patient or subject. A scalogram, corresponding to the obtained PPG signal, may be determined. In an approach, energy values in the wedge region of the scalogram may be estimated by performing convolution-based or convolution-like operations on the obtained PPG signal, or a transformed version thereof, and the scalogram may be updated according to the estimated values. In an approach, a deskewing technique may be used to align data prior to adding the data to the scalogram. In an approach, one or more signal parameters may be determined based on the resolved and estimated values of the scalogram.

Abstract: A physiological sensor includes an emitter configured to transmit light and a detector configured to receive the transmitted light. The sensor also includes a first accelerometer disposed on a first portion of the sensor and a second accelerometer disposed on a second portion of the sensor, the second portion opposing the first portion. The first and second accelerometers are configured to measure a change in motion that corresponds to a change in distance between the detector and the emitter.

Abstract: A system and method for compensating for movement in a sensor. A sensor may include an emitter configured to transmit light, a detector configured to receive the transmitted light via a respective light path, and an accelerometer configured to measure a change in distance between the detector and the emitter. The sensor may transmit the measurements relating to the change in distance between the detector and the emitter to a pulse oximetry monitor. The pulse oximetry monitor may generate an attenuation factor corresponding to the change in the distance between the detector and the emitter that may be used to compensate for movement in a sensor when calculating physiological parameters of a patient.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a pulse band region is identified in a wavelet scalogram of a physiological signal (e.g., a plethysmograph or photoplethysmograph signal). Components of the scalogram at scales larger than the identified pulse band region are then used to determine a baseline signal in wavelet space. The baseline signal may then be used to normalize the physiological signal. Physiological information may be determined from the normalized signal. For example, oxygen saturation may be determined using a ratio of ratios or any other suitable technique.

Abstract: According to embodiments, estimated values for a signal transform may be generated using estimated values for the signal. Signal parameters may then be determined based on the estimated signal transform. A first portion of a signal may be obtained. A second portion of the signal may be estimated. The second portion of the signal may correspond to a portion of the that is unknown, that is not yet available and/or that is obscured by noise and/or artifacts. A transform (e.g., a continuous wavelet transform) of both of the signal portions may be performed. One or more parameters corresponding to the signal may then be determined from transformed signal.

Abstract: According to embodiments, techniques for estimating scalogram energy values in a wedge region of a scalogram are disclosed. A pulse oximetry system including a sensor or probe may be used to receive a photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal from a patient or subject. A scalogram, corresponding to the obtained PPG signal, may be determined. In an arrangement, energy values in the wedge region of the scalogram may be estimated by calculating a set of estimation locations in the wedge region and estimating scalogram energy values at each location. In an arrangement, scalogram energy values may be estimated based on an estimation scheme and by combining scalogram values in a vicinity region. In an arrangement, the vicinity region may include energy values in a resolved region of the scalogram and previously estimated energy values in the wedge region of the scalogram. In an arrangement, one or more signal parameters may be determined based on the resolved and estimated values of the scalogram.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for analyzing a physiological signal obtained from a patient. The physiological signal is transformed using a continuous wavelet transform to generate a transformed signal, and a scalogram is generated from the transformed signal. A region of relative high energy in the scalogram is identified, and dimension information regarding the region is determined. The dimension information is processed to determine physiological information about the patient and confidence information regarding the signal. A storage device coupled to the electronic processing equipment may be used to store the physiological and confidence information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing a signal by estimating a wavelet transform of the signal using at least one scale that is associated with at least one data sample are provided. The systems and methods employ a Goertzel technique to estimate the wavelet transform without using any convolution operations.

Abstract: A system and method for compensating for movement in a sensor. A sensor may include an emitter configured to transmit light, a detector configured to receive the transmitted light via a respective light path, and an accelerometer configured to measure a change in distance between the detector and the emitter. The sensor may transmit the measurements relating to the change in distance between the detector and the emitter to a pulse oximetry monitor. The pulse oximetry monitor may generate an attenuation factor corresponding to the change in the distance between the detector and the emitter that may be used to compensate for movement in a sensor when calculating physiological parameters of a patient.

Abstract: According to embodiments, non-corrupted signal segments are detected by a data modeling processor implementing an artificial neural network. The neural network may be trained to detect artifact in the signal (e.g., a PPG signal or some wavelet representation of a PPG signal) and gate valid signal segments for use in determining physiological parameters, such as, for example, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, respiration rate, and respiratory effort. When an artifact is detected, previously received known-good signal segments may be buffered and replace the signal segment or segments containing artifact. A regression analysis may also be performed in order to extrapolate new data from previously received known-good signal segments. In this way, more accurate and reliable physiological parameters may be determined.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a pulse band region is identified in a wavelet scalogram of a physiological signal (e.g., a plethysmograph or photoplethysmograph signal). Components of the scalogram at scales larger than the identified pulse band region are then used to determine a baseline signal in wavelet space. The baseline signal may then be used to normalize the physiological signal. Physiological information may be determined from the normalized signal. For example, oxygen saturation may be determined using a ratio of ratios or any other suitable technique.

Abstract: According to embodiments, techniques for estimating scalogram energy values in a wedge region of a scalogram are disclosed. A pulse oximetry system including a sensor or probe may be used to receive a photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal from a patient or subject. A scalogram, corresponding to the obtained PPG signal, may be determined. In an arrangement, energy values in the wedge region of the scalogram may be estimated by calculating a set of estimation locations in the wedge region and estimating scalogram energy values at each location. In an arrangement, scalogram energy values may be estimated based on an estimation scheme and by combining scalogram values in a vicinity region. In an arrangement, the vicinity region may include energy values in a resolved region of the scalogram and previously estimated energy values in the wedge region of the scalogram. In an arrangement, one or more signal parameters may be determined based on the resolved and estimated values of the scalogram.