Abstract: A solute crystallizing apparatus utilizing a solution having solute and a first solvent. A mixing unit for combining the solution and a second solvent which lowers the solubility of the solute. A pump receives the mixed solute, first solvent and second solvent and outputs the same under a positive pressure. A membrane separator, having a membrane, receives the pressured solute, first solvent and second solvent mixture and produces a slurry of crystals of the solute, the first solvent, and second solvent as the concentrate or retentate. A solution of the solute, the first solvent and second solvent passes through the membrane as permeate. The concentration of the solute in the retentate is greater than the concentration of solute in the permeate.

Abstract: The photocathode lighting device of planar light emission including: a light source unit emitting a first light; a cathode plate contacted face-to-face with the light source unit; a metal mask layer adhered to the cathode plate and including a repetitive plurality of apertures; a photocathode formed on a surface of the metal mask layer, receiving the first light, and emitting an electron; an anode plate facing the cathode plate and spaced apart from the cathode plate; and a phosphor formed in a lower part of the anode plate and emitting a second light when the emitted electron collides with the phosphor.

Abstract: The photocathode lighting device of planar light emission including: a light source unit emitting a first light; a cathode plate contacted face-to-face with the light source unit; a metal mask layer adhered to the cathode plate and including a repetitive plurality of apertures; a photocathode formed on a surface of the metal mask layer, receiving the first light, and emitting an electron; an anode plate facing the cathode plate and spaced apart from the cathode plate; and a phosphor formed in a lower part of the anode plate and emitting a second light when the emitted electron collides with the phosphor.

Abstract: A video display system utilizing a video source and an image intensifier having a substrate. A video image source positions at the substrate to provide a photon signal. A photocathode element at the substrate converts the photon signal into electrons. An optically transparent body having first and second surfaces is placed opposite the substrate spaced therefrom. A vacuum chamber is formed between the substrate and the first surface of the second optically transparent body. A fluorescing layer is positioned on said first surface of the second optically transparent body. A source of electrical power provides a voltage potential between the photocathode layer and said fluorescing layer. The intensified video image exits the second surface of the second optically transparent body for viewing.

Abstract: A filter cartridge for separation of aqueous colloidal suspensions utilizing a shell which forms a chamber having a colloidal suspension inlet and outlets for permeate and concentrate streams. A core is placed within the shell and includes a plurality of filter elements which are located in overlying relationship with one another. Each filter element possesses a relative rigid backing member and a filter membrane. The core is fastened to the shell by connecting a plurality of the backing members to the body of the core.

Abstract: A device for separating selected components from a colloidal suspension utilizing a vessel capable of holding the colloidal suspension. A membrane permeable to selected components of a colloidal suspension is sealed over a support to form a leaf element. The leaf element includes an outlet for the selected components of the colloidal suspension and is extended into the colloidal suspension. The leaf element is controllably vibrated and simultaneously with application of a negative or positive pressure which is used to motivate permeation of the membrane by selected components of the colloidal suspension.