Abstract: During LTS calculations, first gray level transformations are applied to DICOM images, followed by two-point correlation function based threshold calculations being applied to each pixel (voxel) in the given volume. Finally these calculations lead into estimation of textures within the given volume (LTS). This algorithm, which is initially implemented in JAVA programming language, can be replicated in other programming languages as well. The novel LTS image analysis approach implemented herein is shown to strongly correlates with severity of pulmonary diseases based upon standard PFT criteria, and these correlations were obtained using relatively low grayscale resolution (16 gray levels) images. This implies that the computer image analysis approach could reduce the risks of radiation exposure while providing a more objective assessment of disease progression for clinical and research applications.

Abstract: An optical switching system is disclosed comprising a set of optical hardware operating on control status supplied from electronic or electromechanical devices connected in a communication network to connect subscribing devices in the network for data transfer, wherein both control information for the system and the actual data information to be passed between two connected devices are coded in position coded light spots, and carried to the switching system by optical fibers.