Abstract: A four-valve per cylinder engine has two intake valves, two exhaust valves and a centrally located fuel injector. Between each adjacent pair of valves is a valve bridge with a point of minimum separation between adjacent valves. In the present disclosure, the glow plug port is defined in the cylinder top at a location outboard of the minimum separation between adjacent and at a depth which is tangent to an edge of a fuel jet emanating the injector. By placing the glow plug farther outboard than found in the prior art, the glow plug contacts the fuel as it comes out of the injector and as it rebounds off a feature of the piston bowl.

Abstract: A vee-engine has left and right cylinder banks have valve configurations that are mirror images of each other. The exhaust valves and associated exhaust ports are situated more toward the rear of the engine than the intake valves in any particular cylinder. With all the exhaust valves nearer the rear of the engine, the overall exhaust manifold runner length between the ports and the turbocharger is reduced relative to an engine with offset cylinder banks where exhaust valves in one bank are located nearer the front of the engine than exhaust valves of the other bank.

Abstract: A four-valve per cylinder engine has two intake valves, two exhaust valves and a centrally located fuel injector. Between each adjacent pair of valves is a valve bridge with a point of minimum separation between adjacent valves. In the present disclosure, the glow plug port is defined in the cylinder top at a location outboard of the minimum separation between adjacent and at a depth which is tangent to an edge of a fuel jet emanating the injector. By placing the glow plug farther outboard than found in the prior art, the glow plug contacts the fuel as it comes out of the injector and as it rebounds off a feature of the piston bowl.

Abstract: A valve seat insert 10 for use in combination with a cylinder head 12. Insert 10 is disposed within a cavity 24 formed within cylinder head 12 and includes several notches 40 which cooperate with surface 26 within cavity 24 to form a plurality of passages or channels 50 which allow fuel 18 to freely pass between surface 26 and insert 10. Channels 50 are effective to substantially prevent fuel 18 from becoming trapped between insert 10 and cylinder head 12, thereby preventing the formation of corrosive acids and byproducts.