Abstract: An additive, such as an aminal, a dibutylamine, or combinations thereof, may treat a system having a corrosion inhibitor in the form of at least one sulfur species and/or at least one phosphorous-containing compound. The additive may be introduced or added to the corrosion inhibitor within an aqueous system, an aerobic system, and/or an anaerobic system to inactivate the sulfur species and/or the phosphorous-containing compounds.

Abstract: A system and method for estimating a concentration of monoethanolamine (MEA) in a fluid. A substrate for supporting a sample of the fluid during testing includes a carbon nanotube mat layer, a silver nanowire layer disposed on the carbon nanotube mat layer, and a chemical enhancer layer disposed on the silver nanowire layer. A sample of the fluid is placed on the substrate, and the fluid sample is radiated with electromagnetic radiation at a selected energy level. A detector measures a Raman spectrum emitted from the sample in response to the electromagnetic radiation. A processor estimates the concentration of MEA in the sample from the Raman spectrum and adds a corrosion inhibitor to the fluid in an amount based on the estimated concentration of MEA to reduce the concentration of MEA in the fluid.

Abstract: A system and method for estimating a concentration of monoethanolamine (MEA) in a fluid. A substrate for supporting a sample of the fluid during testing includes a carbon nanotube mat layer, a silver nanowire layer disposed on the carbon nanotube mat layer, and a chemical enhancer layer disposed on the silver nanowire layer. A sample of the fluid is placed on the substrate, and the fluid sample is radiated with electromagnetic radiation at a selected energy level. A detector measures a Raman spectrum emitted from the sample in response to the electromagnetic radiation. A processor estimates the concentration of MEA in the sample from the Raman spectrum and adds a corrosion inhibitor to the fluid in an amount based on the estimated concentration of MEA to reduce the concentration of MEA in the fluid.

Abstract: A multi-component scavenging system containing at least one ester and at least one electron-deficient organic compound, together with or without one or more optional components such as an aldehyde having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a ketone having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether, a solvent, an alkali metal salt of an alkyl or dialkyl phenol, an epoxide, an alkyl anhydride, and mixtures thereof, may be used to scavenge contaminants from hydrocarbon and/or aqueous streams. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, ammonia, primary amines, secondary or tertiary amines, H2S, mercaptans, sulfide cyanides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An additive, such as an aminal, a dibutylamine, or combinations thereof, may treat a system having a corrosion inhibitor in the form of at least one sulfur species and/or at least one phosphorous-containing compound. The additive may be introduced or added to the corrosion inhibitor within an aqueous system, an aerobic system, and/or an anaerobic system to inactivate the sulfur species and/or the phosphorous-containing compounds.

Abstract: A system and method for estimating a concentration of monoethanolamine (MEA) in a fluid. A substrate for supporting a sample of the fluid during testing includes a carbon nanotube mat layer, a silver nanowire layer disposed on the carbon nanotube mat layer, and a chemical enhancer layer disposed on the silver nanowire layer. A sample of the fluid is placed on the substrate, and the fluid sample is radiated with electromagnetic radiation at a selected energy level. A detector measures a Raman spectrum emitted from the sample in response to the electromagnetic radiation. A processor estimates the concentration of MEA in the sample from the Raman spectrum and adds a corrosion inhibitor to the fluid in an amount based on the estimated concentration of MEA to reduce the concentration of MEA in the fluid.

Abstract: A multi-component scavenging system containing at least one ester and at least one electron-deficient organic compound, together with or without one or more optional components such as an aldehyde having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a ketone having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether, a solvent, an alkali metal salt of an alkyl or dialkyl phenol, an epoxide, an alkyl anhydride, and mixtures thereof, may be used to scavenge contaminants from hydrocarbon and/or aqueous streams. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, ammonia, primary amines, secondary or tertiary amines, H2S, mercaptans, sulfide cyanides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A system and method for estimating a concentration of monoethanolamine (MEA) in a fluid. A substrate for supporting a sample of the fluid during testing includes a carbon nanotube mat layer, a silver nanowire layer disposed on the carbon nanotube mat layer, and a chemical enhancer layer disposed on the silver nanowire layer. A sample of the fluid is placed on the substrate, and the fluid sample is radiated with electromagnetic radiation at a selected energy level. A detector measures a Raman spectrum emitted from the sample in response to the electromagnetic radiation. A processor estimates the concentration of MEA in the sample from the Raman spectrum and adds a corrosion inhibitor to the fluid in an amount based on the estimated concentration of MEA to reduce the concentration of MEA in the fluid.

Abstract: Industrial fluids may be monitored at the site of each industrial fluid by introducing a sample of the industrial fluid into a device employing a detection technique for detecting at least one composition within the sample. The detection technique may be or include surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet light (UV) spectroscopy, UV spectrophotometry, indirect UV spectroscopy, contactless conductivity, laser induced fluorescence, and combinations thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, a separation technique may be applied to the sample prior to the introduction of the sample into the device for detecting the composition.

Abstract: Corrosion induced by the presence of naphthenic acids in hydrocarbon fluids, particularly where such fluids are at elevated temperatures, may be inhibited or controlled through use of corrosion inhibiting compositions comprising a combination of a minor portion of a phosphorus-based constituent and a major portion of a sulfur-based constituent, nitrogen-based constituent, or combination thereof. In another embodiment the sulfur-based constituent and/or nitrogen-based constituent may be used without any phosphorus-based constituent. Where the compounds are appropriately selected, the compositions may inhibit corrosion to a degree comparable or nearly comparable to the inhibition provided by an equal amount of some conventional phosphorus-based compounds alone, but are significantly less likely to impair catalyst activity in downstream cracking and refinery operations.

Abstract: A scavenger additive, treated system, and method of using the same may treat a system having at least one sulfur species and/or at least one phosphorous-containing compound. At least one scavenger compound may be circulated or added to the system and may include, but is not limited to, aminals, dibutylamine, and combinations thereof. The scavenger compound(s) may increase the amount of inactivated sulfur species and/or inactivated phosphorous-containing compounds.

Abstract: Corrosion induced by the presence of naphthenic acids in hydrocarbon fluids, particularly where such fluids are at elevated temperatures, may be inhibited or controlled through use of corrosion inhibiting compositions comprising a combination of a minor portion of a phosphorus-based constituent and a major portion of a sulfur-based constituent, nitrogen-based constituent, or combination thereof. In another embodiment the sulfur-based constituent and/or nitrogen-based constituent may be used without any phosphorus-based constituent. Where the compounds are appropriately selected, the compositions may inhibit corrosion to a degree comparable or nearly comparable to the inhibition provided by an equal amount of some conventional phosphorus-based compounds alone, but are significantly less likely to impair catalyst activity in downstream cracking and refinery operations.

Abstract: Total acid number and/or corrosiveness of a crude or refined hydrocarbon, where the total acid number and/or corrosiveness is due to the presence of acid compounds such as carboxylic acid (naphthenic acid), may be reduced by treating the hydrocarbon with a metallic overbase. The effect of this treatment may be substantially enhanced by the presence of a hydrogen transfer agent.

Abstract: Industrial fluids may be monitored at the site of each industrial fluid by introducing a sample of the industrial fluid into a device employing a detection technique for detecting at least one composition within the sample. The detection technique may be or include surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet light (UV) spectroscopy, UV spectrophotometry, indirect UV spectroscopy, contactless conductivity, laser induced fluorescence, and combinations thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, a separation technique may be applied to the sample prior to the introduction of the sample into the device for detecting the composition.

Abstract: Industrial fluids may be monitored at the site of each industrial fluid by introducing a sample of the industrial fluid into a device employing a detection technique for detecting at least one composition within the sample. The detection technique may be or include surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet light (UV) spectroscopy, UV spectrophotometry, indirect UV spectroscopy, contactless conductivity, laser induced fluorescence, and combinations thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, a separation technique may be applied to the sample prior to the introduction of the sample into the device for detecting the composition.

Abstract: A multi-component scavenging system containing at least one ester and at least one electron-deficient organic compound, together with or without one or more optional components such as an aldehyde having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a ketone having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether, a solvent, an alkali metal salt of an alkyl or dialkyl phenol, an epoxide, an alkyl anhydride, and mixtures thereof, may be used to scavenge contaminants from hydrocarbon and/or aqueous streams. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, ammonia, primary amines, secondary or tertiary amines, H2S, mercaptans, sulfide cyanides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Industrial fluids can be monitored by employing differential ion mobility spectrometer to sample the industrial fluids. This process may also include controlling an industrial device or an industrial process using the results of the output from the field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometer. The process may also include employing a device to condition the sample prior to introducing the sample into field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometer.

Abstract: Exhaust emissions resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in compression ignition engines may be reduced using a homopolymer that may be polyisobutylene, polypropylene, and/or hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins. The homopolymer may have a molecular weight of from about 1600 to about 275,000. Optionally, an alkyl nitrate such as 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, may also be used together with the homopolymer. Both NOx and particulate matter emissions (PM) may be reduced using ppm quantities of the additive compositions; alternatively, NOx emissions may be lowered or reduced while PM emissions do not substantially increase.

Abstract: Total acid number and/or corrosiveness of a crude or refined hydrocarbon, where the total acid number and/or corrosiveness is due to the presence of acid compounds such as carboxylic acid (naphthenic acid), may be reduced by treating the hydrocarbon with a metallic overbase. The effect of this treatment may be substantially enhanced by the presence of a hydrogen transfer agent. The abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.

Abstract: Exhaust emissions resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in compression ignition engines may be reduced using a homopolymer that may be polyisobutylene, polypropylene, and/or hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins. Optionally, an alkyl nitrate such as 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, may also be used together with the homopolymer. Both NOx and particulate matter emissions (PM) may be reduced using ppm quantities of the additive compositions; alternatively, NOx emissions may be lowered or reduced while PM emissions do not substantially increase.