Abstract: For multicolor fluorescence detection or spectroscopy with low signal-to-noise ratio and rapid readout, signals from multiple sensors are combined in analog form so that only one signal per fluorescent response needs to be read from a sensor array. The contributions of sensors in the array to a given output signal are programmable, for exclusive selection of the desired information. As the contributions of sensors to output signals are electronically programmed, the energy of the light source can be filtered electronically. Such devices can be programmed in real time for adaptive measurements.

Abstract: A CMOS Critical Voltage Transition Logic device which reduces propagation delays in a circuit by preconditioning the voltage outputs of each stage of the circuit to a critical voltage value which is between the logic high and logic low values for the circuit. The transition time to achieve either the high or low logic output states which is responsive to the input signal from the previous stage is reduced due to the preconditioning. Each stage is synchronously clocked in order to achieve the preconditioned state in each stage before processing the input signal for the previous stage. This unique switching characteristic greatly reduces the propagation delay in the circuit.