Abstract: A plant structure includes a ceramic member including at least one of an oxide or an oxide hydroxide as a main component and substantially including no hydrate, and a plant-derived substance directly fixed to the ceramic member without interposing an adhesive substance different from a ceramic material making up the ceramic member. A building member and an interior member each include the plant structure.

Abstract: A polarization image sensor includes: photodiodes arranged on an image capturing plane; a color mosaic filter in which color filters in multiple different colors are arranged to face the photodiodes; an optical low-pass filter which covers the color mosaic filter; and polarization optical elements located closer to a light source than the optical low-pass filter is. Each polarization optical element covers an associated one of the photodiodes and makes light which is polarized in a predetermined direction in a plane that is parallel to the image capturing plane incident onto the optical low-pass filter. The color filters are arranged so that light that has passed through polarization optical elements is transmitted through an associated one of the color filters in a single color. Each color filter covers multiple photodiodes.

Abstract: An exemplary 3D image shooting apparatus comprises: a polarized light source; an image capturing section that sequentially captures an image of the object that is being illuminated with each of plane polarized light rays, and an image processor. The image capturing section includes: a lens; an image sensor; and an incoming light transmitting section which has a transparent area and a plurality of polarization filter areas. The polarization filter areas are arranged outside of the transparent area, generally have a concentric ring shape, and include left and right filter areas so that their polarization transmission axis directions define an angle ? (0<?<90 degrees). The image processing section generates a plurality of images from light that has been transmitted through the transparent area and light that has been transmitted through the plurality of polarization filter areas.

Abstract: A polarization image sensor includes: photodiodes arranged on an image capturing plane; a color mosaic filter in which color filters in multiple different colors are arranged to face the photodiodes; an optical low-pass filter which covers the color mosaic filter; and polarization optical elements located closer to a light source than the optical low-pass filter is. Each polarization optical element covers an associated one of the photodiodes and makes light which is polarized in a predetermined direction in a plane that is parallel to the image capturing plane incident onto the optical low-pass filter. The color filters are arranged so that light that has passed through polarization optical elements is transmitted through an associated one of the color filters in a single color. Each color filter covers multiple photodiodes.

Abstract: An exemplary 3D image shooting apparatus comprises: a polarized light source; an image capturing section that sequentially captures an image of the object that is being illuminated with each of plane polarized light rays, and an image processor. The image capturing section includes: a lens; an image sensor; and an incoming light transmitting section which has a transparent area and a plurality of polarization filter areas. The polarization filter areas are arranged outside of the transparent area, generally have a concentric ring shape, and include left and right filter areas so that their polarization transmission axis directions define an angle ? (0<?<90 degrees). The image processing section generates a plurality of images from light that has been transmitted through the transparent area and light that has been transmitted through the plurality of polarization filter areas.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, an image capture device includes an image sensor 10 that includes: a photosensitive cell array 12 in which a plurality of photosensitive cells are arranged on an image capturing plane; a polarizer array 14 in which a plurality of unit structures, each including N polarizers (where N is an integer that is equal to or greater than two) that have mutually different polarization transmission axis directions, are arranged two-dimensionally and which is arranged so that light that has been transmitted through each polarizer is incident on its associated photosensitive cell; a circuit for reading a pixel signal from the photosensitive cell array 12; and a shifter 16 for shifting the polarizer array 14 with respect to the photosensitive cell array 12 parallel to the image capturing plane.

Abstract: Provided is a terahertz (THz) wave radiating device that radiates electromagnetic wave in a THz range, the device including: an anode electrode layer; a cathode electrode layer which forms a pair with the anode electrode layer; an electrical insulating layer (i) which is positioned between the anode electrode layer and the cathode electrode layer, and (ii) in which an aperture is formed and a vacuum is produced, the aperture passing through the electrical insulating layer in a direction in which the electrical insulating layer was laminated; and a photoelectron emission layer (i) which is positioned between the electrical insulating layer and the cathode electrode layer, (ii) which touches the electrical insulating layer, and (iii) which emits photoelectrons to the aperture.

Abstract: Prepared first are a mounting substrate having, on its principal surface, a plurality of recesses which correspond in plan configuration to a plurality of functional chips, and a flat plate disposed on the mounting substrate and having a plurality of confinement regions formed of openings, each of which exposes one of the recesses and a peripheral portion of the recess and is designed to confine one of the functional chips. Next, the functional chips are put into the respective confinement regions on the mounting substrate. The mounting substrate having the functional chips thereon is then immersed in a fluid together with the flat plate. Subsequently, the flat plate immersed in the fluid is displaced (vibrated) with the mounting substrate fixed, thereby fitting the functional chips into the recesses in the mounting substrate.