Abstract: A positive electrode composition is described, containing granules of at least one electroactive metal, at least one alkali metal halide and carbon black. An energy storage device and an uninterruptable power supply device are also described. Related methods for the preparation of a positive electrode and an energy storage device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A positive electrode composition is presented. The composition includes granules that comprise an electroactive metal, an alkali metal halide, sulfur and carbon. A molar ratio of the electroactive metal to an amount of sulfur in the composition is between about 1.5:1 and about 10:1. Carbon is present in an amount greater than about 0.1 and less than about 5 weight percent, based on a total weight of the granules. An energy storage device and a related energy storage system are also described.

Abstract: A positive electrode composition is described, containing granules of at least one electroactive metal, at least one alkali metal halide and carbon black. An energy storage device and an uninterruptable power supply device are also described. Related methods for the preparation of a positive electrode and an energy storage device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of pulse charging a secondary electrochemical storage cell is provided. The secondary cell includes a negative electrode comprising an alkaline metal; a positive electrode comprising at least one transition metal halide; a molten salt electrolyte comprising alkaline metal haloaluminate; and a solid electrolyte partitioning the positive electrode from the negative electrode, such that a first surface of the solid electrolyte is in contact with the positive electrode, and a second surface of the solid electrolyte is in contact with the negative electrode. The method of charging includes polarizing the cell by applying a polarizing voltage greater than about 0.1 V above the cell's rest potential for a first predetermined period of time; depolarizing the cell for a second predetermined period of time; and repeating the polarizing and depolarizing steps until a charging end-point is reached.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is presented. The electrochemical cell includes an elongated ion-conducting separator defining at least a portion of a first compartment; a positive electrode composition disposed in the first compartment, the positive electrode composition comprising at least one electroactive metal, at least one alkali metal halide, and at least one electrolyte. A positive current collector is further disposed in the first compartment such that a portion of the positive current collector extends into the positive electrode composition, and a primary dimension of the extended portion of the positive current collector is less than about 20% of a primary dimension of the first compartment. A related method for the preparation of an electrochemical cell is also presented.

Abstract: A system includes a primary source of power, a main battery, a reserve battery, and a battery management system. A method for operating the system is also disclosed. The main battery of the system is electrically connected to the article, and the reserve battery is configured to back-up the main battery. The battery management system is electrically connected to the main battery. The battery management system maintains the reserve battery in a dormant state when the primary source of power is operational. The reserve battery is also maintained at a dormant state when the primary source of power is not operational; and the main battery is discharging and able to effectively back-up the primary source of power in supplying power to the article.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is presented. The electrochemical cell includes an ion-conducting separator having a first surface that defines at least a portion of a first compartment and a second surface that defines at least a portion of a second compartment, and a positive electrode composition disposed in the first compartment, the positive electrode composition comprising an electroactive metal, an alkali metal halide, and an electrolyte. The electroactive metal includes metal flakes of an average aspect ratio greater than about 5. An energy storage battery including a plurality of electrochemical cells is also presented.

Abstract: A cathode composition is described that includes a first element selected from nickel or cobalt; a second element M selected from iron or cobalt, wherein said second element M is contained within a sulfide composition MxSy, wherein the ratio of x and y is between 0.5:1 and 1.5:1; at least one first alkali metal halide; and an electrolyte salt comprising a second alkali metal halide and a metal halide, wherein the electrolyte salt has a melting point in a range from about 150° C. to about 300° C. The molar ratio of the first element to the sulfur of the sulfide composition is between 1.5:1 and 50:1. An energy storage device comprising the cathode composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: An asymmetric electrochemical capacitor positive electrode composition including activated carbon and an electrolyte salt which is a reaction product of an alkali metal halide and an aluminum halide is provided. Asymmetric electrochemical capacitor cells and energy storage devices comprising the asymmetric electrochemical capacitor positive electrode composition are also provided.

Abstract: A method of pulse charging a secondary electrochemical storage cell is provided. The secondary cell includes a negative electrode comprising an alkaline metal; a positive electrode comprising at least one transition metal halide; a molten salt electrolyte comprising alkaline metal haloaluminate; and a solid electrolyte partitioning the positive electrode from the negative electrode, such that a first surface of the solid electrolyte is in contact with the positive electrode, and a second surface of the solid electrolyte is in contact with the negative electrode. The method of charging includes polarizing the cell by applying a polarizing voltage greater than about 0.1 V above the cell's rest potential for a first predetermined period of time; depolarizing the cell for a second predetermined period of time; and repeating the polarizing and depolarizing steps until a charging end-point is reached.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is presented. The electrochemical cell includes an elongated ion-conducting separator defining at least a portion of a first compartment; a positive electrode composition disposed in the first compartment, the positive electrode composition comprising at least one electroactive metal, at least one alkali metal halide, and at least one electrolyte. A positive current collector is further disposed in the first compartment such that a portion of the positive current collector extends into the positive electrode composition, and a primary dimension of the extended portion of the positive current collector is less than about 20% of a primary dimension of the first compartment. A related method for the preparation of an electrochemical cell is also presented.

Abstract: A positive electrode composition is described, containing granules of at least one electroactive metal, at least one alkali metal halide and carbon black. An energy storage device and an uninterruptable power supply device are also described.

Abstract: A composition of the positive electrode comprises at least one electroactive metal, at least one iodide of at least one transition metal, a first alkali metal halide, and an electrolyte salt having a melting point of less than about 300° C. The at least one electroactive metal is selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, niobium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, manganese, silver, antimony, cadmium, tin, lead, iron, and zinc. An electrochemical cell and a method for making an electrochemical cell are also presented.