Abstract: A textile substrate is made from two or more strands of yarn that are twisted together using a very low variable twist level. The amount of slight twist and variation in the twist are effective to give the finished carpet made from the textile substrate a uniform appearance in spite of any slight variations in one or more characteristics of the yarn. The textile substrate, by using such a low variable twist level, can avoid streaks in the carpet, for instance, caused by variations in yarn lots and the like.

Abstract: A textile substrate is made from two or more strands of yarn that are twisted together using a very low variable twist level. The amount of slight twist and variation in the twist are effective to give the finished carpet made from the textile substrate a uniform appearance in spite of any slight variations in one or more characteristics of the yarn. The textile substrate, by using such a low variable twist level, can avoid streaks in the carpet, for instance, caused by variations in yarn lots and the like.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for twisting two or more strands of yarn together in accordance with a pre-selected and changeable pattern so as to obtain twisted yarn with a selected twist level extending for a selected length of the yarn and other selected twist levels and/or twist directions extending for various other lengths of the yarn so that a package of finished yarn has a variable twist pattern which is reproducible and changeable. The yarn twisting apparatus has a drive for pulling the yarn through the twist inserting apparatus, and controllable fluid twisting devices for twisting the yarn together. A programmable controller controls ratios of the speeds at which the product package drive is operated and pressures or other parameters of fluid jets effecting fluid twisting of the yarn. The programmable controller can also vary the time that each selected ratio is maintained.