Abstract: Electrochemical apparatus and method provide a source of electrons to a living organ in the process of transplantation. The organ, depleted of antioxidants, is placed into a vessel supplied with appropriate physiological solution and apparatus that create antioxidative environment.

Abstract: Electrochemical apparatus and method provide a source of electrons to a living organ in the process of transplantation. The organ, depleted of antioxidants, is placed into a vessel supplied with appropriate physiological solution and apparatus that create antioxidative environment.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device and method for making it include organo-metallic molecules, such as M-Ph (metallo-phthalocyanines) and/or M-Pc (metallo-porphyrins), that interact with clusters, which are at the surface of a bulk metal, enhancing photovoltaic effect and increasing efficiency for transformation of radiant energy into electricity. Interaction of the clusters and the M-Ph and/or M-Pc increases quantum efficiency in transforming radiant energy into electricity. Methods are provided for treatment of a bulk metal, e.g., silver, gold or copper, from a metallic state to a state where clusters are formed on the surface of the bulk metal, and the organo-metallic molecules and a transparent conductor are applied to make the photovoltaic device.

Abstract: Observable changes in electrical and optical characteristics of individual molecules adsorbed on a conductor or semi-conductor caused by electrical and/or optical excitation or de-excitation of electrons within such molecules can be used as signals which in turn can be used to carry information and such observable information carrying changes or signals can be switched, amplified, and modulated by varying optical as well as electrical inputs to such molecules. Molecular structural design alters functional behavior of the molecular/quantum devices. In an example, monomeric metallated phthalocyanine behaves as a fast (<10?12 second), energy efficient (3OkT/bit of information), fully reversible quantum switch with multiple outputs. However, if monomeric phthalocyanines are organized in structural combinations such as one dimensional wire-like ring-stacked, or two dimensional sheet-like ring-fused phthalocyanines, their electro-optical properties are significantly altered.

Abstract: A food treating apparatus and method wherein a reducing DC electric current is provided by a DC electric circuit, the food treating apparatus including a vessel and a handle, and wherein at least part of the electric circuit is integral with the handle and is operative to provide electrons to food in the vessel. Further, the added electrons inhibit and/or reduce the formation of acrylamides in the food prepared in the food treating apparatus.

Abstract: A food treating apparatus and method wherein a reducing DC electric current is provided by a DC electric circuit, the food treating apparatus including a vessel and a handle, and wherein at least part of the electric circuit is integral with the handle and is operative to provide electrons to food in the vessel. Further, the added electrons inhibit and/or reduce the formation of acrylamides in the food prepared in the food treating apparatus.

Abstract: Observable changes in electrical and optical characteristics of individual molecules adsorbed on a conductor or semi-conductor caused by electrical and/or optical excitation or de-excitation of electrons within such molecules can be used as signals which in turn can be used to carry information and such observable information carrying changes or signals can be switched, amplified, and modulated by varying optical as well as electrical inputs to such molecules. Molecular structural design alters functional behavior of the molecular/quantum devices. In an example, monomeric metallated phthalocyanine behaves as a fast (<10?12 second), energy efficient (3 OkT/bit of information), fully reversible quantum switch with multiple outputs. However, if monomeric phthalocyanines are organized in structural combinations such as one dimensional wire-like ring-stacked, or two dimensional sheet-like ring-fused phthalocyanines, their electro-optical properties are significantly altered.

Abstract: A food treating apparatus and method wherein a reducing DC electric current is provided by a DC electric circuit, the food treating apparatus including a vessel and a handle, and wherein at least part of the electric circuit is integral with the handle and is operative to provide electrons to food in the vessel. Further, the added electrons inhibit and/or reduce the formation of acrylamides in the food prepared in the food treating apparatus.

Abstract: Observable changes in electrical and optical characteristics of individual molecules adsorbed on a conductor or semi-conductor caused by electrical and/or optical excitation or de-excitation of electrons within such molecules can be used as signals which in turn can be used to carry information and such observable information carrying changes or signals can be switched, amplified, and modulated by varying optical as well as electrical inputs to such molecules. Molecular structural design alters functional behavior of the molecular/quantum devices. In an example, monomeric metallated phthalocyanine behaves as a fast (<10?12 second), energy efficient (3OkT/bit of information), fully reversible quantum switch with multiple outputs. However, if monomeric phthalocyanines are organized in structural combinations such as one dimensional wire-like ring-stacked, or two dimensional sheet-like ring-fused phthalocyanines, their electro-optical properties are significantly altered.

Abstract: A food treating apparatus and method wherein a reducing DC electric current is provided by a DC electric circuit, the food treating apparatus including a vessel and a handle, and wherein at least part of the electric circuit is integral with the handle and is operative to provide electrons to food in the vessel. Further, the added electrons inhibit and/or reduce the formation of acrylamides in the food prepared in the food treating apparatus.

Abstract: A food treating apparatus and method wherein a reducing DC electric current is provided by a DC electric circuit, the food treating apparatus including a vessel and a handle, and wherein at least part of the electric circuit is integral with the handle and is operative to provide electrons to food in the vessel. Further, the added electrons inhibit and/or reduce the formation of acrylamides in the food prepared in the food treating apparatus.

Abstract: A food treating apparatus and method wherein a reducing DC electric current is provided by a DC electric circuit, the food treating apparatus including a vessel and a handle, and wherein at least part of the electric circuit is integral with the handle and is operative to provide electrons to food in the vessel. Further, the added electrons inhibit and/or reduce the formation of acrylamides in the food prepared in the food treating apparatus.

Abstract: A food treating apparatus and method wherein an electric current is provided by an electric circuit, the food treating apparatus including a vessel and a handle, and wherein at least part of the electric circuit is integral with the handle and is operative to provide electrons to food in the vessel.

Abstract: Observable changes in electrical and optical characteristics of individual molecules adsorbed on a conductor or semi-conductor caused by electrical and/or optical excitation or de-excitation of electrons within such molecules can be used as signals which in turn can be used to carry information and such observable information carrying changes or signals can be switched, amplified, and modulated by varying optical as well as electrical inputs to such molecules. Molecular structural design alters functional behavior of the molecular/quantum devices. In an example, monomeric metallated phthalocyanine behaves as a fast (<10−12 second), energy efficient (30 kT/bit of information), fully reversible quantum switch with multiple outputs. However, if monomeric phthalocyanines are organized in structural combinations such as one dimensional wire-like ring-stacked, or two dimensional sheet-like ring-fused phthalocyanines, their electro-optical properties are significantly altered.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus and method supplies a source of electrons to food contained in a vessel or in contact with a grill and cooked by thermal processes to reduce the carcinogenic effect of electron-depleted food which results from thermal excitation and oxidation of thermal cooking processes.

Abstract: Applicant has discovered a correlation between photography, the laser mechanism, and SERS. It appears that all three effects or phenomena of photography, laser and SERS, originate from a similar mechanism, namely the amplifying factor comes from Einstein coefficients and subsequent description of inverse population--these being the essential building blocks for the aforementioned three phenomena. Accordingly, one aspect of the invention is to utilize the principles of photography in connection with SERS. Another aspect is to utilize the principles of photography in connection with lasers. A still further object is to employ all three fields to achieve the lasing and laser effects described in greater detail below.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention operationally macrocyclic molecular structures are employed to input and/or to read out information, electrical potential, optical characteristics, energy levels, state information, etc. with respect to another material, such as a neurological or biological material, nucleic acid or other materials. In one example disclosed in the above mentioned application macrocyclic molecules were adsorbed on a silver substrate; in the present invention the operationally macrocyclic molecular structure is adsorbed onto other substrates, such as nerve cells, muscles, nucleic acid (RNA and DNA), etc.

Abstract: Observable changes in the electrical and optical characteristics of individual molecules adsorbed on a conductor or semi-conductor caused by the electrical and/or optical excitation or de-excitation of electrons within such molecules can be used as signals which in turn can be used to carry information and such observable information carrying changes or signals can be switched, amplified, and modulated by varying the optical as well as the electrical inputs to such molecules. In the invention electro-optical molecules are adsorbed on a substrate. The natural characteristic of such a molecule is altered by ionization or electron transfer; more specifically an electron is excited to an excited state. Electron transfer, trapping, or excitation/state change, or molecule ionization is effected and controlled as a function of (1) electric potential across an adsorbed molecule or a layer or layers of such molecules and/or (2) wavelength(s)/frequency(ies) and intensity(ies) of the incident illumination thereof.