Abstract: An easy-opening end closure that may also be reclosed, suitable for joining to a container. A cover panel is bonded around its perimeter to an end panel with a rotatable lever interposed between them. To open the closure, a user applies force to the rotating lever to move it axially around an attachment point and progressively debond the seal perimeter. In this process, latching mechanisms ensure uni-directional movement of the lever relative to the shutter and joining of the two components at the end of the rotational sweep.

Abstract: An easy-opening end closure that may also be reclosed, suitable for joining to a container. A cover panel is bonded around its perimeter to an end panel with a rotatable lever interposed between them. To open the closure, a user applies force to the rotating lever to move it axially around an attachment point and thereby progressively debonding a substantial portion of the bond perimeter. The closure incorporates means for equilibrating pressure in the internal headspace of the container with the outside ambient for improved pouring.

Abstract: An easy-opening end closure that may also be reclosed, suitable for joining to a container. A cover panel is bonded around its perimeter to an end panel with a rotatable lever interposed between them. To open the closure, a user applies force to the rotating lever to move it axially around an attachment point thereby engaging integrated mechanisms to progressively debond segments of the perimeter seal.

Abstract: An easy-opening end closure that may also be reclosed, suitable for joining to a container. A cover panel is bonded around its perimeter to an end panel with a rotatable lever interposed between them. To open the closure, a user applies force to the rotating lever to move it axially around an attachment point and thereby progressively debonding a substantial portion of the bond perimeter. The closure incorporates means for equilibrating pressure in the internal headspace of the container with the outside ambient for improved pouring.

Abstract: An easy-opening end closure that may also be reclosed, suitable for joining to a container. A cover panel is bonded around its perimeter to an end panel with a rotatable lever interposed between them. To open the closure, a user applies force to the rotating lever to move it axially around an attachment point thereby engaging integrated mechanisms to progressively debond segments of the perimeter seal.

Abstract: An easy-opening end closure that may also be reclosed, suitable for joining to a container. A cover panel is bonded around its perimeter to an end panel with a rotatable lever interposed between them. To open the closure, a user applies force to the rotating lever to move it axially around an attachment point and progressively debond the seal perimeter. In this process, latching mechanisms ensure uni-directional movement of the lever relative to the shutter and joining of the two components at the end of the rotational sweep.

Abstract: A simple integrated assemblage of components built around a modular solid state heater, and incorporating an intuitive consumer user interface (CUI), enables self-heating functionality to be applied in standard beverage cans. The CUI includes an actuation mechanism for user initiation of heating, as well as a novel means of breaching the can to access the heated beverage.

Abstract: A simple integrated assemblage of components built around a modular solid state heater, and incorporating an intuitive consumer user interface (CUI), enables self-heating functionality to be applied in standard beverage cans. The CUI includes an actuation mechanism for user initiation of heating, as well as a novel means of breaching the can to access the heated beverage.

Abstract: An improved easy opening closure wherein a cover panel is bonded to a container end panel around the perimeter of an aperture through the end panel. A rotating lever is connected to a proximal lever through a rivet acting as a fulcrum such that, as pressure is applied to rotate the rotating lever axially around the rivet, the force is magnified which allows the proximal lever selectively debonds an isolated region of the perimeter, thereby allowing pressure within the container to escape. Continued rotation of the rotating lever further debonds the cover panel from the end panel. The leading edge of the rotating lever wedges between the end panel and the cover panel at the opposite edge of the aperture, thereby cleaving and debonding the connection between the panels at that edge.

Abstract: A modular heating system and method is presented that automatically dissipates thermal energy from a heater or heated package if the energy cannot be assimilated without excessive temperature increase. A heater containing reactants that generate heat when combined is placed in thermal contact with a passive thermal control material which is in thermal contact with a container configured to contain a substance to be heated. The passive thermal control material allows the transmission of heat between the heater and the container as long as the temperature of the heat passing through the passive thermal control material does not exceed the activation temperature of the material. If the temperature of the heat passing through the passive thermal control material exceeds the material's decomposition temperature, the passive thermal control material decomposes and thereby dissipates heat.

Abstract: A modular heating system and method is presented that automatically dissipates thermal energy from a heater or heated package if the energy cannot be assimilated without excessive temperature increase. A heater containing reactants that generate heat when combined is placed in thermal contact with a passive thermal control material which is in thermal contact with a container configured to contain a substance to be heated. The passive thermal control material allows the transmission of heat between the heater and the container as long as the temperature of the heat passing through the passive thermal control material does not exceed the activation temperature of the material. If the temperature of the heat passing through the passive thermal control material exceeds the material's decomposition temperature, the passive thermal control material decomposes and thereby dissipates heat.

Abstract: An improved easy opening closure wherein a cover panel is bonded to a container end panel around the perimeter of an aperture through the end panel. A rotating lever is connected to a proximal lever through a rivet acting as a fulcrum such that, as pressure is applied to rotate the rotating lever axially around the rivet, the force is magnified which allows the proximal lever selectively debonds an isolated region of the perimeter, thereby allowing pressure within the container to escape. Continued rotation of the rotating lever further debonds the cover panel from the end panel. The leading edge of the rotating lever wedges between the end panel and the cover panel at the opposite edge of the aperture, thereby cleaving and debonding the connection between the panels at that edge.

Abstract: A solid state thermite reaction composition is provided comprising a fuel component, an initiating oxidizer, a primary oxidizer, a fluxing agent and a thermal diluent. According to other aspects, a heating device, a heating element and an activation mechanism are provided. The heating device comprises a heating chamber defining an interior space for receiving and storing a substance to be heated, a reaction chamber disposed within the heating chamber, a solid state thermite reaction composition disposed within the reaction chamber such that it is physically isolated from and in thermal communication with the interior space of the heating chamber, and an activation mechanism having an actuator. The activation mechanism is in communication with the composition disposed within the reaction chamber and the reaction composition is inert until the activator mechanism is actuated.

Abstract: A solid state thermite reaction composition is provided comprising a fuel component, an initiating oxidizer, a primary oxidizer, a fluxing agent and a thermal diluent. According to another aspect, a heating device is provided comprising a heating chamber for receiving and storing a substance to be heated having at least two walls, a reaction chamber affixed to a wall of the heating chamber, a solid state thermite reaction composition located within the reaction chamber and an actuatable trigger mechanism affixed to the reaction chamber such that the trigger mechanism is in contact with the reaction composition. According to another aspect, a solid-state thermite reaction activation mechanism is provided comprising a first compound substantially in contact with a thermite reaction fuel, a second compound and a removable barrier located between the first and second compounds preventing any contact between the first and second compounds.

Abstract: A modular heating system and method is presented that automatically shuts down the chemical reaction within a heater if the heat generated by the reaction is excessive. Heaters are designed to generate sufficient heat to warm food or drink in an adjacent container. If the container is empty, or if the heater is dislodged from the container, the heat generated by the heater will become dangerously high. When excessive heat is generated by the reaction in the heater, systems and methods of the present invention respond by terminating the reaction before all of the reaction mixture has reacted.

Abstract: A heating device comprises a heating chamber defining an interior space for receiving and storing a substance to be heated, a heater for use as a source of heat which includes a reaction chamber, a solid state reaction composition disposed within the reaction chamber such that it is physically isolated from and in thermal communication with the interior space of the heating chamber, an activation mechanism in communication with the composition disposed within the reaction chamber, and wherein the reaction composition is inert until the activation mechanism is actuated. Activation mechanism comprises an actuator having a user interface portion and an actuation portion, and the actuation portion carries a reaction initiation material that, when assembled with the heater, is capable of initiating a chemical reaction in the chemical composition when the actuation portion is actuated by a user.

Abstract: A heating device comprises a heating chamber defining an interior space for receiving and storing a substance to be heated, a heater for use as a source of heat which includes a reaction chamber, a solid state reaction composition disposed within the reaction chamber such that it is physically isolated from and in thermal communication with the interior space of the heating chamber, an activation mechanism in communication with the composition disposed within the reaction chamber, and wherein the reaction composition is inert until the activation mechanism is actuated. Activation mechanism comprises an actuator having a user interface portion and an actuation portion, and the actuation portion carries a reaction initiation material that, when assembled with the heater, is capable of initiating a chemical reaction in the chemical composition when the actuation portion is actuated by a user.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery cell comprising a cell housing defining an inner space, a first terminal and a second terminal; and at least one pre-formed pellet disposed within the inner space of the cell housing. The pellet includes an outer electrode portion formed from a material to geometrically define the pellet in a solid form. The outer electrode portion is in electrical communication with the first terminal of the cell housing. The pellet also includes an inner electrode encapsulated by a separator and embedded within the material of the outer electrode portion. The inner electrode is in electrical communication with the second terminal of the cell housing and electrically insulated from the outer electrode material. In a preferred embodiment, the inner electrode comprises an anode and the outer electrode portion comprises a cathode portion.

Abstract: A solid state moderated chemical reaction for use with a heating device comprises the complete reaction between iron powder and the oxidizer sodium chlorate in stoichiometric balance such that the oxygen, rather than being emitted externally to the device, is fully reacted internally in the heating device to a solid oxide. A heating device comprises a heating chamber defining an interior space for receiving and storing a substance to be heated, a heater for use as a source of heat which includes a reaction chamber, a solid state reaction composition disposed within the reaction chamber such that it is physically isolated from and in thermal communication with the interior space of the heating chamber, an activation mechanism in communication with the composition disposed within the reaction chamber, and wherein the reaction composition is inert until the activation mechanism is actuated.

Abstract: A solid state thermite reaction composition is provided comprising a fuel component, an initiating oxidizer, a primary oxidizer, a fluxing agent and a thermal diluent. According to another aspect, a heating device is provided comprising a heating chamber for receiving and storing a substance to be heated having at least two walls, a reaction chamber affixed to a wall of the heating chamber, a solid state thermite reaction composition located within the reaction chamber and an actuatable trigger mechanism affixed to the reaction chamber such that the trigger mechanism is in contact with the reaction composition. According to another aspect, a solid-state thermite reaction activation mechanism is provided comprising a first compound substantially in contact with a thermite reaction fuel, a second compound and a removable barrier located between the first and second compounds preventing any contact between the first and second compounds.