Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for initiating pairing of wireless surgical instruments to a modular energy system are disclosed herein. In various aspects, a modular energy system includes an a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader that is configured to read an RFID card that is uniquely associated with a surgical instrument. When the RFID reader reads the RFID card, the RFID reader initiates a wireless pairing process with the surgical instrument. Initiating the wireless pairing process may include causing the module energy system to wirelessly search for the surgical instrument and causing a display screen to display instructions for wirelessly pairing the surgical instrument.

Abstract: An apparatus, and method of its use, to determine a characteristic of a fluid sample contained inside a closed container. The ratio of intensity for detected radiation (e.g., light), subsequent to its transmission through the container's walls and fluid in the container, at each of a reference wavelength and a measurement wavelength is compared to a predetermined value to make a determination of the fluid's characteristic. Desirably, the wavelengths are applied to the same location on the container to minimize a source of signal error. The reference wavelength is selected for its substantial lack of attenuation when transmitted through a known fluid composition. The measurement wavelength is selected for its predictive interaction (e.g., absorption) with the fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus, and method of its use, to determine a characteristic of a fluid sample contained inside a closed container. The ratio of intensity for detected radiation (e.g., light), subsequent to its transmission through the container's walls and fluid in the container, at each of a reference wavelength and a measurement wavelength is compared to a predetermined value to make a determination of the fluid's characteristic. Desirably, the wavelengths are applied to the same location on the container to minimize a source of signal error. The reference wavelength is selected for its substantial lack of attenuation when transmitted through a known fluid composition. The measurement wavelength is selected for its predictive interaction (e.g., absorption) with the fluid.