Abstract: The present disclosure provides fuel additives including quaternary ammonium salt additive(s) and Mannich detergent additive(s) effective to improve engine performance in both port fuel injected and gasoline direct injection engines.

Abstract: A method includes: determining, based, at least in part, on a predicted driver characteristic, a first energy-versus-distance measure for a planned driving route of a vehicle, the first energy-versus-distance measure determined using an energy model; presenting the first energy-versus-distance measure on a user interface associated with the vehicle; identifying an already-driven part of the planned driving route; determining, based on information associated with the already-driven part of the planned driving route, a model error associated with the energy model; determining a second energy-versus-distance measure by modifying the first energy-versus-distance measure to account for the model error; and presenting the second energy-versus-distance measure on the user interface associated with the vehicle.

Abstract: An electrical mating system can include a first connector having a plurality of first contacts, and a second connector having a plurality of second contacts. Each one of the first contacts can pair with one of the second contacts so that they provide electrical conduction between pairs of contacts when the first connector is properly mated to the second connector. At least one of the first contacts or first connector and/or one of the second contacts and the second connector can be sized and configured such that an open circuit occurs across a specific one of the pairs of contacts when the first connector is improperly mated to the second connector.

Abstract: An exciter drive circuit comprises a direct current (DC) link to provide a positive DC voltage to a positive voltage exciter rail and a negative DC voltage to a negative voltage exciter rail. An exciter winding includes a first exciter terminal connected to the positive voltage exciter rail and an opposing second exciter terminal connected to the negative voltage exciter rail. A flyback circuit establishes a first flyback current path that conducts the current from exciter winding in response to an inductive flyback event. A flyback fault protection circuit establishes a second flyback current path that conducts the current from exciter winding in response to the inductive flyback event and a fault present in the flyback circuit. The second flyback current path delivers the current output by the exciter winding from the negative voltage exciter rail to the positive voltage exciter rail.

Abstract: A system includes an alternating current (AC) bus. An active rectifier is connected to receive alternating current from the AC bus. An exciter inductor coil is connected to receive direct current (DC) output from the active rectifier. A method includes performing current control on an alternating current (AC) bus to output DC current to an exciter inductor coil.

Abstract: An electrical mating system can include a first connector having a plurality of first contacts, and a second connector having a plurality of second contacts. Each one of the first contacts can pair with one of the second contacts so that they provide electrical conduction between pairs of contacts when the first connector is properly mated to the second connector. At least one of the first contacts or first connector and/or one of the second contacts and the second connector can be sized and configured such that an open circuit occurs across a specific one of the pairs of contacts when the first connector is improperly mated to the second connector.

Abstract: A power distribution system and method has a controller and at least one semiconductor switch. The power distribution system additionally has an on status detector which detects the status of the semiconductor switches, and an overcurrent status circuit which checks for overcurrent conditions.

Abstract: A circuit retaining system can include a contact monitoring system configured to determine if a retainer is providing at least a selected force and/or pressure to a circuit board when the retainer is retaining the circuit board. The contact monitoring system can include a force and/or pressure sensor configured to be disposed between the retainer and the circuit board and to output a force and/or pressure sensor signal indicating a contact force and/or pressure.

Abstract: A power distribution system and method has a controller and at least one semiconductor switch. The power distribution system additionally has an on status detector which detects the status of the semiconductor switches, and an overcurrent status circuit which checks for overcurrent conditions.

Abstract: An electrical mating system can include a first connector having a plurality of first contacts, and a second connector having a plurality of second contacts. Each one of the first contacts can pair with one of the second contacts so that they provide electrical conduction between pairs of contacts when the first connector is properly mated to the second connector. At least one of the first contacts or first connector and/or one of the second contacts and the second connector can be sized and configured such that an open circuit occurs across a specific one of the pairs of contacts when the first connector is improperly mated to the second connector.

Abstract: A circuit retaining system can include a contact monitoring system configured to determine if a retainer is providing at least a selected force and/or pressure to a circuit board when the retainer is retaining the circuit board. The contact monitoring system can include a force and/or pressure sensor configured to be disposed between the retainer and the circuit board and to output a force and/or pressure sensor signal indicating a contact force and/or pressure.

Abstract: An input circuit includes an input line for providing input regarding state of a supply at a first node. An impedance is connected to the input line at a second node for connecting the input line to ground. A Zener diode can be connected in the input line in series between the first and second nodes to impede current flowing through the Zener diode below the Zener voltage thereof in a direction from the first node to the second node, and to allow current above the Zener voltage thereof in the direction from the first node to the second node, wherein the input line is free of any node connecting a power voltage source to the input line between the first and second nodes.

Abstract: An input circuit includes an input line for providing input regarding state of a load. A first impedance is connected to the input line at a first node for connecting a voltage source to the input line. A second impedance is connected to the input line at a second node for connecting the input line to ground. A Zener diode is connected in the input line in series between the first and second nodes to impede current flowing through the Zener diode below the Zener voltage thereof in a direction from the first node to the second node, and to allow current above the Zener voltage thereof in the direction from the first node to the second node.

Abstract: A rectifier includes a first input, a first output, and a first pair of diodes. The first input is configured to receive a first alternating current (AC) voltage. The first pair of diodes is electrically coupled in series between the first input and the first output. The first pair of diodes is configured to rectify the first AC voltage. The first output is configured to output the first rectified AC voltage.

Abstract: A voltage driver includes a voltage input, a voltage regulation controller including an on/off input. The voltage regulation controller is configured to control a switching converter in a first mode, a second mode, and at least one additional mode. The switching converter is configured to operate as an open pass switch in the first mode, is configured to operate as a closed pass switch in the second mode, and is configured to operate as an overcurrent and overvoltage protection switch in the at least one additional mode. A discrete output driver control and monitoring circuit can be used to control the switching converter. The output driver control and monitoring circuit includes a controller coupled to a communication bus and is configured to provide high level control instructions to the communication bus.

Abstract: A voltage driver includes a voltage input, a voltage regulation controller including an on/off input. The voltage regulation controller is configured to control a switching converter in a first mode, a second mode, and at least one additional mode. The switching converter is configured to operate as an open pass switch in the first mode, is configured to operate as a closed pass switch in the second mode, and is configured to operate as an overcurrent and overvoltage protection switch in the at least one additional mode. A discrete output driver control and monitoring circuit can be used to control the switching converter. The output driver control and monitoring circuit includes a controller coupled to a communication bus and is configured to provide high level control instructions to the communication bus.

Abstract: A voltage driver includes a voltage input, a voltage regulation controller including an on/off input. The voltage regulation controller is configured to control a switching converter in a first mode, a second mode, and at least one additional mode. The switching converter is configured to operate as an open pass switch in the first mode, is configured to operate as a closed pass switch in the second mode, and is configured to operate as an overcurrent and overvoltage protection switch in the at least one additional mode. A discrete output driver control and monitoring circuit can be used to control the switching converter. The output driver control and monitoring circuit includes a controller coupled to a communication bus and is configured to provide high level control instructions to the communication bus.

Abstract: A transient voltage protection circuit. The transient voltage protection circuit including a resistor with a source-side terminal and a device-side terminal, a first stage with a first protection element connected to the resistor device-side terminal, a second stage with a second protection element connected to the resistor source-side terminal, and a ground terminal connected to the resistor source-side terminal through the second stage and to the resistor device-side terminal of the resistor through the first stage.

Abstract: An input circuit includes an input line for providing input regarding state of a load. A first impedance is connected to the input line at a first node for connecting a voltage source to the input line. A second impedance is connected to the input line at a second node for connecting the input line to ground. A Zener diode is connected in the input line in series between the first and second nodes to impede current flowing through the Zener diode below the Zener voltage thereof in a direction from the first node to the second node, and to allow current above the Zener voltage thereof in the direction from the first node to the second node.

Abstract: A voltage driver includes a voltage input, a voltage regulation controller including an on/off input. The voltage regulation controller is configured to control a switching converter in a first mode, a second mode, and at least one additional mode. The switching converter is configured to operate as an open pass switch in the first mode, is configured to operate as a closed pass switch in the second mode, and is configured to operate as an overcurrent and overvoltage protection switch in the at least one additional mode. A discrete output driver control and monitoring circuit can be used to control the switching converter. The output driver control and monitoring circuit includes a controller coupled to a communication bus and is configured to provide high level control instructions to the communication bus.