Abstract: Organic-swelled layered metal chalcogenide is intercalated with polymeric chalcogenide by contacting with a hydrolyzable polymeric chalcogenide precursor under an inert atmosphere, e.g., nitrogen to minimize formation of extralaminar polymeric chalcogenide. The chalcogenide precursor is then hydrolyzed.

Abstract: Relatively long chain alkyl aromatic compounds are prepared by alkylating an alkylatable aromatic compound with a relatively long chain alkylating agent under alkylation reaction conditions in the pressure of a layered material as an alkylation catalyst. The layered material contains titanate in the layers and oxide pillars separating the layers. The layers also contain vacancies and/or metals incorporated therein.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process for use in refining various petroleum based feedstocks to lighter hydrocarbons. The hydrocracking process for treatment of petroleum fractions utilizes a catalyst comprising (a) a layered metal oxide of the titanometallate type intercalated with an interspathic polymeric chalcogenide, e.g., polymeric silica, (b) a transition hydrogenation metal selected from Group IVA, VIA, and VIIIA of the Periodic Table such as platinum and the like, and optionally, (c) a conventional cracking component, e.g., a large pore crystalline silicate component.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic cracking of heavy petroleum fractions into lower hydrocarbons, such as fuel products. The process comprises contacting the petroleum fractions at an elevated temperature with a cracking catalyst comprising (a) a layered metal oxide of the titanometallate type intercalated with an interspathic polymeric chalcogenide, e.g., polymeric silica and, optionally (b) a porous crystalline silicate component such as a large pore zeolite material.

Abstract: Layered chalcogenide materials of high thermal stability and surface area which contain interspathic polymeric chalcogenides such as polymeric silica are prepared by ion exchanging a layered metal oxide, such as layered titanium oxide, with organic cation, to spread the layers apart. A compound such as tetraethylorthosilicate, capable of forming a polymeric oxide, is thereafter introduced between the layers. The resulting product is treated to form polymeric oxide, e.g. by hydrolysis, to produce the layered oxide material. The resulting product may be employed as catalyst material in the conversion of organic compounds.

Abstract: Organic-swelled layered metal chalcogenides, e.g., titanometallates or silicotitanates, are intercalated with polymeric chalcogenide, e.g., polymeric silica by treatment with organic hydrolyzable polymeric chalcogenide precursor wherein hydrolysis to polymeric chalcogenide is enhanced by removal of organic hydrolysis by-products, during hydrolysis, e.g., by exposure of the reaction mixture to elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Organic-swelled layered metal chalcogenides, e.g., titanometallates or silicotitanates, are intercalated with polymeric chalcogenide by plural treatments with hydrolyzable, electrically neutral polymeric chalcogenide precursor, e.g., tetraethylorthosilicate, to provide products of improved surface area.