Abstract: A switching device and a method and medium for using the switching device are provided. The switching device is associated with a remote radio unit (RRU) and an antenna of a base station and comprises a plurality of switching cables arranged in predetermined configurations including a single-layer beam forming configuration, a dual-layer beam forming configuration, and a MIMO configuration. In response to inputs received from UEs served by the base station, the switching device can implement the configuration best-suited to target the UEs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to use multiple pilot signals of different transmission power levels in a wireless communication system. A base station may broadcast in its coverage area at least two different pilot signals concurrently with each other but at different transmission power levels than each other. One of these pilot signals, transmitted at a normal pilot transmission power level for instance, may be for receipt and evaluation by certain UEs served by the base station, such as UEs that are not set to receive beamformed transmission of bearer traffic from the base station. Whereas another one of these pilot signals, transmitted at an increased pilot transmission power level for instance, may be for receipt and evaluation by other UEs served by the base station, such as UEs that are set to receive beamformed transmission of bearer traffic from the base station.

Abstract: A method, system, and medium are provided for approximating an uplink sounding reference signal for a secondary radio-frequency channel associated with an eNodeB in a long-term-evolution (LTE) network deploying carrier aggregation. This is useful when the eNodeB does not have an uplink channel associated with the secondary RF channel. The approximated uplink sounding reference signal is utilized by the eNodeB to determine downlink beamforming weights for the secondary RF channel.

Abstract: A method and systems for managing paging congestion are described. A RAN may receive data indicating that a base station located at a particular geographic location is registering with the RAN. Responsive to receiving the data, the RAN may make a determination of whether a number of base stations in a particular tracking area that corresponds with the particular geographic location is greater than a threshold number of base stations. And responsive to making a determination that the number of base stations is greater than the threshold number of base station: the RAN may create a new tracking area having a new tracking area identity (TAI), the RAN may provision the base station with the new TAI rather than the particular TAI, and the RAN may provide the base station with a tracking area list that includes both the new TAI and a particular TAI identifying the particular tracking area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing volatile residues from a substrate are provided. In one embodiment, a method for volatile residues from a substrate includes providing a processing system having a load lock chamber and at least one processing chamber coupled to a transfer chamber, treating a substrate in the processing chamber with a chemistry comprising halogen, and removing volatile residues from the treated substrate in the load lock chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing volatile residues from a substrate are provided. In one embodiment, a method for volatile residues from a substrate includes providing a processing system having a load lock chamber and at least one processing chamber coupled to a transfer chamber, treating a substrate in the processing chamber with a chemistry comprising halogen, and removing volatile residues from the treated substrate in the load lock chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing volatile residues from a substrate are provided. In one embodiment, a method for volatile residues from a substrate includes providing a processing system having a load lock chamber and at least one processing chamber coupled to a transfer chamber, treating a substrate in the processing chamber with a chemistry comprising halogen, and removing volatile residues from the treated substrate in the load lock chamber.