Abstract: An apparatus may include a memory storing transfer curve information for the 2D FETs obtained by applying bias conditions including a drain-to-source voltage and a gate-to-source voltage to the 2D FETs, and measuring channel currents for the 2D FETs while varying the gate-to-source voltage of the 2D FETs. An apparatus may include a characterization parameter encoder that determines the one or more output characterization parameters as output data of a machine learning model by applying the transfer curve information for the 2D FETs as input data to the machine learning model, wherein the machine learning model has been trained to output the one or more output characterization parameters of the fit function for an input of the transfer curve information for the 2D FETs. A system and methods for training and using the machine learning model are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for an integrated circuit with 2D field-effect transistors and on-chip thin film layer deposition with electrical characterization. A corresponding layer structure and manufacturing process are disclosed. The system includes a measurement controller that determines transfer curve information and an analysis module that generates parameters for determining thickness and/or porosity and a thin film deposition controller that controllers thin film deposition using the parameters. Methods include performing liquid mediated deposition of one or more thin film layers on the channel surface and obtaining transfer curve information by generating time dependent measurement vectors for the 2D FETs and controlling and/or performing electrical characterization of the of thin film layers based on the measurement vectors. The disclosed methods may be implemented by the disclosed integrated circuit and the disclosed system.

Abstract: For enhanced selection of efficient targeted genome manipulating agents, an apparatus includes first and second chip-based biosensors having one or more sensing surfaces configured to detect biomolecular binding interactions between a nucleic acid sample and a targeted genome manipulating agent functionalized to a capture surface within a sensing range of the one or more sensing surfaces. The first chip-based biosensor uses a nucleic acid sample incubated with a blocking agent that blocks on-target binding and the second chip-based biosensor holds a nucleic acid sample that omits the blocking agent. A measurement apparatus measures first and second sets of response signals produced in response to the biomolecular binding interactions occurring between the nucleic acid sample and the targeted genome manipulating agent. An analysis module determines the genome manipulating efficiency parameters of the targeted genome manipulating agent. A system and a method perform the functions of the apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for target detection based on collateral cleavage of a reporter by an enzyme. A biologically gated transistor may include a channel and a reporter moiety immobilized to the channel. The state of the reporter moiety may affect one or more output signals from the biologically gated transistor when excitation conditions are applied to the biologically gated transistor and a sample fluid is applied in contact with the channel. A sample fluid may include an enzyme configured to activate in response to a target nucleic acid to cleave the reporter moiety. Excitation circuitry may apply the excitation conditions, and measurement circuitry may measure output signals from the biologically gated transistor. An analysis module may determine a parameter relating to presence of the target nucleic acid, based on the one or more measurements.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for direct or indirect target substance signal measurement include an integrated circuit with an array of 2D FETs with corresponding 2D transistor channels and a gate area for receiving a volume of liquid with one or more chemical or biological target substances, a conductive source electrically coupled to a first end of the 2D transistor channel, a conductive drain electrically coupled to a second end of the 2D transistor channel, a ceramic coating over the conductive source and the conductive drain and a thin film layer of synthetic biopolymer specific binding agents is adsorbed to the top surface of the 2D transistor channel. Methods for the system and apparatus and for selecting the synthetic biopolymer specific binding agents based on absorptivity are disclosed.

Abstract: A DNA sequencing and blood chemistry analysis system and method are provided including one or more sensor chips and one or more sample wells, wherein each sample well is configured to form a seal with one of the sensors. The one or more sensor chips may comprise Graphene transistors, and each transistor having an associated sequencing probe. The sensor chips interact with a biological sample introduced into the sample well, wherein changes in the current, transconductance, and resistance of the Graphene transistors are indicative of a DNA binding process. Based on the associated sequencing probes, the DNA sequence present in a biological sample can be identified.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for chemically differentiated sensor arrays and methods of manufacturing and using the same. In one or more examples. An integrated circuit chip includes a chemically differentiated array of graphene field effect transistors with one or more wells configured to receive a volume of biological sample liquid comprising a plurality of different types of biological substances to be distinguished using electrical measurements of output signals of the graphene field effect transistors. At least one electrode is configured to apply a changing gate bias voltage (VGs) that increases and decreases within a predetermined range to the sample liquid and at least one electrode is configured to monitor measurement vectors including slopes of drain current measurements relative to the voltage measurements and differences in slope of the measurement vectors distinguish different biological substances in the sample liquid. Systems and methods utilize the integrated circuit chip.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for excitation and measurement of biochemical interactions. Excitation circuitry is configured to apply one or more excitation conditions to a biologically gated transistor that includes a channel, so that one or more output signals from the biologically gated transistor are affected by the excitation condition(s) and by a biochemical interaction of moieties within a sample fluid in contact with the channel surface. Measurement circuitry is configured to obtain information corresponding to the biochemical interaction occurring at one or more measurement distances greater than an electrostatic screening distance from the surface of the channel, by performing a plurality of time-dependent measurements of affected output signals, using a measurement bandwidth that corresponds to the measurement distances. An analysis module is configured to characterize one or more parameters of the biochemical interaction based on the time-dependent measurements.

Abstract: A chemically differentiated sensor array system includes a plurality of environmentally-gated transistors and an environmental gate, wherein the environmental gate includes a liquid solution and each environmentally-gated transistor includes a drain, a source, and a Carbon-based substrate channel, the drain electrically couples to a first location on the substrate channel, the source electrically couples to a second location on the substrate channel separated by a gap from the first location on the substrate channel, the environmental gate covers and contacts the substrate channel, a first insulating layer covers and separates the drain from the environmental gate, and a second insulating layer covers and separates the source from the environmental gate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosed technology include patterning a graphene sheet for biosensor and electronic applications using lithographic patterning techniques. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed towards the method of patterning a graphene sheet with a hard mask metal layer. The hard mask metal layer may include an inert metal, which may protect the graphene sheet from being contaminated or damaged during the patterning process.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for transportation and detection of analytes. Beads may be functionalized with a capture moiety to bind to a target moiety. Beads that have not been incubated in a sample solution may be positioned in a fluid, near a sensing surface for a biosensor. A calibration measurement may be performed using the biosensor, after which the beads may be removed. Beads that have been incubated in the sample solution may be positioned near the sensing surface, and a detection measurement may be performed using the biosensor. A parameter such as the presence, absence or concentration of the target moiety in the sample solution may be determined based on the calibration measurement and the detection measurement.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosed technology include patterning a graphene sheet for biosensor and electronic applications using lithographic patterning techniques. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed towards the method of patterning a graphene sheet with a hard mask metal layer. The hard mask metal layer may include an inert metal, which may protect the graphene sheet from being contaminated or damaged during the patterning process.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for target detection based on collateral cleavage of a reporter by an enzyme. A biologically gated transistor may include a channel and a reporter moiety immobilized to the channel. The state of the reporter moiety may affect one or more output signals from the biologically gated transistor when excitation conditions are applied to the biologically gated transistor and a sample fluid is applied in contact with the channel. A sample fluid may include an enzyme configured to activate in response to a target nucleic acid to cleave the reporter moiety. Excitation circuitry may apply the excitation conditions, and measurement circuitry may measure output signals from the biologically gated transistor. An analysis module may determine a parameter relating to presence of the target nucleic acid, based on the one or more measurements.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed towards systems and methods for transferring graphene from the surface of one substrate to another. In one particular embodiment, the graphene layer is grown on a surface of a first substrate, where the bottom of the first substrate is then affixed to the surface of a second substrate. The second substrate may include material made of a rigid or semi-rigid composition to provide structural support and backing to the first substrate. The graphene layer may then be delaminated from the first substrate and transferred to a target surface, such as the surface of an electronic device or biosensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed towards systems for transferring graphene from the surface of one substrate to another. In one particular embodiment, the graphene layer is grown on a surface of a first substrate, where the bottom of the first substrate is then affixed to the surface of a second substrate. The second substrate may include material made of a rigid or semi-rigid composition to provide structural support and backing to the first substrate. The graphene layer may then be delaminated from the first substrate and transferred to a target surface, such as the surface of an electronic device or biosensor.

Abstract: For enhanced selection of efficient targeted genome manipulating agents, an apparatus includes first and second chip-based biosensors having one or more sensing surfaces configured to detect biomolecular binding interactions between a nucleic acid sample and a targeted genome manipulating agent functionalized to a capture surface within a sensing range of the one or more sensing surfaces. The first chip-based biosensor uses a nucleic acid sample incubated with a blocking agent that blocks on-target binding and the second chip-based biosensor holds a nucleic acid sample that omits the blocking agent. A measurement apparatus measures first and second sets of response signals produced in response to the biomolecular binding interactions occurring between the nucleic acid sample and the targeted genome manipulating agent. An analysis module determines the genome manipulating efficiency parameters of the targeted genome manipulating agent. A system and a method perform the functions of the apparatus.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed towards systems for transferring graphene from the surface of one substrate to another. In one particular embodiment, the graphene layer is grown on a surface of a first substrate, where the bottom of the first substrate is then affixed to the surface of a second substrate. The second substrate may include material made of a rigid or semi-rigid composition to provide structural support and backing to the first substrate. The graphene layer may then be delaminated from the first substrate and transferred to a target surface, such as the surface of an electronic device or biosensor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosed technology include depositing a passivation layer onto a surface of a wafer that may include a graphene layer. The passivation layer may protect and isolate the graphene layer from electrical and chemical conditions that may damage the graphene layer. As such, the passivation layer may further protect the graphene sensor from being damaged and impaired for its intended use. Additionally, the passivation layer may be patterned to expose select areas of the graphene layer below the passivation layer, thus creating graphene wells and exposing the graphene layer to the appropriate chemicals and solutions.

Abstract: A DNA sequencing and blood chemistry analysis system and method are provided including one or more sensor chips and one or more sample wells, wherein each sample well is configured to form a seal with one of the sensors. The one or more sensor chips may comprise Graphene transistors, and each transistor having an associated sequencing probe. The sensor chips interact with a biological sample introduced into the sample well, wherein changes in the current, transconductance, and resistance of the Graphene transistors are indicative of a DNA binding process. Based on the associated sequencing probes, the DNA sequence present in a biological sample can be identified.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosed technology include patterning a graphene sheet for biosensor and electronic applications using lithographic patterning techniques. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed towards the method of patterning a graphene sheet with a hard mask metal layer. The hard mask metal layer may include an inert metal, which may protect the graphene sheet from being contaminated or damaged during the patterning process.