Abstract: Described herein is an improved spa system including an operating mode that results in efficient and/or reduced electrical energy consumption while ensuring the use temperature is achieved no matter the time and/or date at which the user desires to enjoy the spa. The operating mode described herein may obtain information indicating a time at which a user may like to enjoy the spa, precisely determine a time it may take to heat water in the spa from an ambient temperature to the use temperature, and cause the spa pump and/or heater to begin the process of heating the water to the use temperature at least the determined time prior to the time at which the user may begin enjoying the spa. A spa may not achieve peak efficiency without a spa operating mode that calculates the estimated time to heat a spa from an ambient temperature to the use temperature.

Abstract: An immersion structure (e.g., hot tub, spa, swim spa, pool, showerhead, whirlpool bathtub, and whirlpool bath) has a water treatment system that includes a nano bubble generator for purifying the water. The water treatment system can further include a gas generator that works in conjunction with the nano bubble generator to create a composition of liquid containing nano bubbles. The nano bubbles circulate in the immersion structure thereby cleaning the plumbing system and water. The water treatment system can be located within a cabinet housing the immersion structure. The system can be controlled (e.g., water treatment, operational parameters, cleaning boost, part replacement, etc.) by a user via a smart app on a client device.

Abstract: Roofing systems, articles, and methods are discussed herein that can incorporate multiple features, including energy saving features. Ventilation and wind uplift resistance can be provided by features incorporated into roofing units described herein. Other features described herein can provide for easy positioning of roofing units, or allow spacing for thermal expansion. Features of the roofing units can facilitate the removal and replacement of damaged parts.

Abstract: A super abrasive impregnated singulation saw blade is made by depositing grindable friable super abrasive particles while electro depositing or electroless depositing a strong binder metal such as nickel on a form or mandrel. The deposited super abrasive on the upper side protrudes from the side of the blade and are ground down to or near the binder metal to plannerize the sides of the saw blade and true and balance the saw blade. Post operations include electro polishing to expose equal amounts of super abrasive on the cutting edge or on all sides. Antifriction particles may be added in the side walls or deposited on the outside.