Abstract: Operational problems such as scale and sludge formation which are encountered in phosphating processes using compositions containing zinc and at least one of Ni, Co, or Zn may be alleviated by maintaining an effective level of dissolved iron cations in such compositions.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a bed liner for a truck bed. The method comprises providing a truck bed, applying a masking device to an orifice in the truck bed, retaining the masking device in the orifice by inserting a portion of the masking device into the orifice, applying a coating of truck bed liner material to the truck bed, and removing the masking device. After removing the masking device, a region of the truck bed surrounding the orifice is free of the truck bed liner material. The orifice may include a nut. A portion of the masking device can be inserted into the nut. The masking device may include a clip.

Abstract: Excellent adhesion to subsequently applied paint or elastomer is obtained by coating a metal substrate with a phosphate conversion coating by contact with a liquid phosphating solution that contains zinc cations, phosphate anions, and at least one adhesion promoter selected from (i) film-forming organic substances, (ii) polymers of vinyl phenols modified by substitution of substituted aminomethyl moieties on their aromatic rings, (iii) inorganic oxides of one of the elements silicon, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium. Preferably, the phosphating solution also contains manganese and nickel cations and either iron cations or hydroxylamine. If adhesion to paint is desired, the adhesion promoter preferably is an acrylic film-forming substance, while if adhesion to elastomers is desired, the adhesion promoter preferably is a polymer of vinyl phenol and the phosphating solution preferably also contains calcium cations.

Abstract: Excellent adhesion to subsequently applied paint or elastomer is obtained by coating a metal substrate with a phosphate conversion coating by contact with a liquid phosphating solution that contains zinc cations, phosphate anions, and at least one adhesion promoter selected from (i) film-forming organic substances, (ii) polymers of vinyl phenols modified by substitution of substituted aminomethyl moieties on their aromatic rings, (iii) inorganic oxides of one of the elements silicon, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium. Preferably, the phosphating solution also contains manganese and nickel cations and either iron cations or hydroxylamine. If adhesion to paint is desired, the adhesion promoter preferably is an acrylic film-forming substance, while if adhesion to elastomers is desired, the adhesion promoter preferably is a polymer of vinyl phenol and the phosphating solution preferably also contains calcium cations.

Abstract: Excellent adhesion to subsequently applied paint or elastomer is obtained by coating a metal substrate with a phosphate conversion coating by contact with a liquid phosphating solution that contains zinc cations, phosphate anions, and at least one adhesion promoter selected from (i) film-forming organic substances, (ii) polymers of vinyl phenols modified by substitution of substituted aminomethyl moieties on their aromatic rings, (iii) inorganic oxides of one of the elements silicon, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium. Preferably, the phosphating solution also contains manganese and nickel cations and either iron cations or hydroxylamine. If adhesion to paint is desired, the adhesion promoter preferably is an acrylic film-forming substance, while if adhesion to elastomers is desired, the adhesion promoter preferably is a polymer of vinyl phenol and the phosphating solution preferably also contains calcium cations.

Abstract: Operational problems such as scale and sludge formation which are encountered in phosphating processes using compositions containing zinc and at least one of Ni, Co, or Zn may be alleviated by maintaining an effective level of dissolved iron cations in such compositions.

Abstract: A masking device is provided with a plug including at least one protruding portion, wherein the protruding portion is adapted to engage at least one of an orifice and a deformation in a substrate.

Abstract: Phosphate conversion coatings having very fine crystal size are obtained using liquid compositions containing phosphate, zinc cations and relatively low concentrations of Co, Ni and Mn.

Abstract: Phosphate conversion coatings having very fine crystal size are obtained using liquid compositions containing phosphate, zinc cations and relatively low concentrations of Co, Ni and Mn.

Abstract: Excellent adhesion to subsequently applied paint or elastomer is obtained by coating a metal substrate with a phosphate conversion coating by contact with a liquid phosphating solution that contains zinc cations, phosphate anions, and at least one adhesion promoter selected from (i) film-forming organic substances, (ii) polymers of vinyl phenols modified by substitution of substituted aminomethyl moieties on their aromatic rings, (iii) inorganic oxides of one of the elements silicon, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium. Preferably, the phosphating solution also contains manganese and nickel cations and either iron cations or hydroxylamine. If adhesion to paint is desired, the adhesion promoter preferably is an acrylic film-forming substance, while if adhesion to elastomers is desired, the adhesion promoter preferably is a polymer of vinyl phenol and the phosphating solution preferably also contains calcium cations.