Abstract: Printers are disclosed. An example printer includes a build controller to access metrics of a layer on a work area and to select a dosing profile from a plurality of dosing profiles to fuse the layer based on the metrics.

Abstract: According to examples, an apparatus may include a processor and a memory on which are stored machine-readable instructions that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to access a stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) image of a layer including solidified build material particles. The instructions may also cause the processor to identify an optical property of the solidified build material particles at a location on the layer from the stereoscopic 3D image. The instructions may further cause the processor to determine whether the identified optical property exceeds a predefined threshold and based on a determination that the identified optical property exceeds the predefined threshold, output an indication that the layer includes an optical property that exceeds the predefined threshold.

Abstract: According to examples, an apparatus may include a processor and a memory on which is stored machine readable instructions. The processor may execute the instructions to access a first stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) image of a surface of a layer of build material particles and a second stereoscopic 3D image of the layer surface, the second stereoscopic 3D image being captured at a later time than the first stereoscopic 3D image. The processor may also generate a 3D deformation map of the layer surface from the first stereoscopic 3D image and the second stereoscopic 3D image and may implement an action based on the generated 3D deformation map of the layer surface.

Abstract: According to examples, an apparatus may include a processor and a memory on which are stored machine readable instructions that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine whether a first surface map includes a dropout, the first surface map being generated using a first image parameter on a first image and a second image. The instructions may also cause the processor to, based on a determination that the first surface map includes a dropout, recover information corresponding to the dropout. The instructions may further cause the processor to generate a recovered surface map using the recovered information and store the recovered surface map.

Abstract: An example method includes forming a layer of build material on a build platform of a 3-D printer and correlating X-Y position data and stereoscopic Z-position data for particles of the build material in the layer of build material that are determined to exceed a threshold criteria based on a measure attribute.

Abstract: A first camera and a second camera oriented at different angles and spaced a separation distance to determine surface height measurements. The cameras are focused at a lens focal length to a surface area to record a captured image pair of x-y pixels having common features of the surface area. Correlation of the captured image pair is performed to measure a set of disparity distances between the common features in the captured image pair using a fiducial to assist. The set of disparity distances is converted to a set of z-height measurements with a resolution incorporating the separation distance, the lens focal length, the set of disparity distances, and a calibration error factor.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacturing for calibrating a stereo vision system are described herein. An example stereo vision calibration system includes an automated calibration target stand to support a calibration target. The example stereo vision calibration system further includes a calibrator to control the automated calibration target stand to move the calibration target to a plurality of positions according to a sequence of positions while the automated calibration target stand is disposed in an additive manufacturing (AM) machine, and control a stereo vision system of the AM machine to obtain images of the calibration target in the plurality of positions.

Abstract: Printers are disclosed. An example printer includes a build controller to access metrics of a layer on a work area and to select a dosing profile from a plurality of dosing profiles to fuse the layer based on the metrics.

Abstract: Apparatus and related method for infusing liquids and drugs into, or aspirating marrow from, the trabecula of a patient's bone. The apparatus enables the user to reliably determine when an enlarged, threaded tip of an infusion/aspiration tube has reached the trabecular bone, and a spring bias ensures that the tip seals the hole formed in cortical bone during the subsequent infusion or aspiration.